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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. The Plains Indians are revolutionized by the horse. The idea of land is vastly different. As tribes are pushed closer together, conflicts erupt. 1868 sign treaties to guarantee land for the Natives. Because so many people had gone west, the problems with Natives seemed bigger.

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 • The Plains Indians are revolutionized by the horse. • The idea of land is vastly different. • As tribes are pushed closer together, conflicts erupt. • 1868 sign treaties to guarantee land for the Natives. • Because so many people had gone west, the problems with Natives seemed bigger.

  2. Native Americans • Once the white Americans started to kill buffalo, the Natives lives, as the knew them, were over. • Then gold was discovered in the Black Hills, and the Great Sioux War ensued. • Many were relocated, and did not do well. • Resistance was fierce, but in the end futile. • The Ghost Dance is the final resistance. • Wounded knee is the last great battle.

  3. Mormons • Lead west by Brigham Young. • Had been kicked out of numerous states because of polygamy. • Wanted their own Zion. • Put together their own political party. • Start to manufacture things such as beet sugar. • Encourage polygamous families to send women to work. • Eventually succumb to government pressure.

  4. Cowboys • Cattle came from Spain originally. • Allowed free range, and vaqueros (cowboys) herd them from horseback. • Between 1866 and 1880 4 million cattle come up from Texas. • Many cattle who roamed froze to death on the plains. • Investors lost money. • Ranchers learned to fence and keep herds warm and fed.

  5. Farmers • Farmers and homesteaders came west. • They didn’t expect the weather. • The Kansas-Nebraska Act lured many immigrants. • 160 acres offered. • Women can claim too.

  6. Farmers continued • West of the line of aridity there is no farming. • Sod houses were common. • Sod is hard to break, sodbusters are used. • Had to learn new crops to farm. • Some of these came with the immigrants.

  7. Railroads • Loans and land from the government. • U.P. starts in Omaha. • C.P. starts in Sacramento. • Labor shortages. • After the Civil War former soldiers start to work for U.P. • C.P. primarily uses Chinese immigrants.

  8. Railroads ctd. • Sierra Nevada mountains pose a problem. • May 10, 1869 they meet at Promontory Summit. • Without them expansion would have been much more slow. • California Gold Rush goes from 1848 for about 50 years. • Towns pop up and when the ore is mined they are deserted. • Mining companies become vertically integrated.

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