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Ed Reforms: 1980’s – Present

Ed Reforms: 1980’s – Present. Early 1980s: Education in Trouble. 1983: A Nation at Risk (Nat’l Commission on Excellence in Education) Four Areas of Concern Curricula : not challenging Expectations too low Too little time , too much wasted time Teachers not well-prepared.

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Ed Reforms: 1980’s – Present

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  1. Ed Reforms: 1980’s – Present

  2. Early 1980s: Education in Trouble • 1983: A Nation at Risk (Nat’l Commission on Excellence in Education) • Four Areas of Concern • Curricula: not challenging • Expectations too low • Too little time, too much wasted time • Teachers not well-prepared

  3. Carnegie Task Force on Teaching as a Profession • A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the Twenty-First Century (1986) • Shift focus of reforms • Teachers as solution to, not cause of, problem • Teacher Professionalism Movement • Multiple spin-off organizations

  4. Curriculum and Instruction • “Constructivism” • “Whole Language” • Ken and Yetta Goodman • Frank Smith

  5. Curriculum and Instruction • WL spread widely across U.S.: • “ Reading Wars” • Skills-based, phonics based instruction vs. WL • California mandated it in late 1980’s

  6. Accountability • Throughout 1990s, “high stakes accountability” • NC’s ABCs of Education, e.g. • All states now • Tests are norm-referenced (vs. criterion-referenced) • State, district, school • National Assessment of Educational Progress

  7. Since NAR: What Has Changed • Content Recommendations • “New Basics” • State graduation test: 22 states as of 2001 • Raising Academic Expectations • Time • Recommended 7 hr day and 200-220 day school year • Improving teaching

  8. Since NAR: Improving Teaching • Meet high educational standards • Aptitude for teaching • Competence in an academic discipline • Increased Pay • Market Sensitive • Merit Based • Career Ladders • Special Incentives, esp. Science and Math

  9. What Has Changed

  10. What Has Changed

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