Ch. 11 Vocabulary Review

1. Ch. 11 Vocabulary Review

2. Diploid vs Haploid • Diploid—cell with two copies of every chromosome • Haploid—cell with half the number of chromosomes of parent cell

3. Homozygous vs Heterozygous • Homozygous—having two of the same type of allele for a gene (example: AA or aa) • Heterozygous—having two different alleles for a gene (example: Aa)

4. Alleles, Genes, Traits • Trait—A physical feature that is determined by a gene • Genes—portions of DNA that code for a trait • Alleles—different versions of a trait

5. Genotype vs. Phenotype • Genotype—the alleles of an individual for a gene or group of genes (example: Aa or AaBb) • Phenotype—the physical appearance of the expressed allele for an individual (example: tall, green)

6. Dominant vs. Recessive • Dominant—an allele that masks another allele when matched up for a heterozygous individual • Recessive—the allele that is masked when matched up with a dominant allele

7. Codominance vs. Incomplete Dominance • Codominance—when two alleles are not recessive to each other, but when combined in a heterozygous individual, display both traits simultaneously • Incomplete Dominance--when two alleles are not recessive to each other, but when combined in a heterozygous individual, display a blended version of both traits

8. Meiosis vs. Mitosis • Meiosis—the process of cell division where a parent cell produces four haploid gametes • Mitosis—the process of cell division where a parent cell produces two identical, diploid daughter cells

9. Crossing-over, independent assortment • Crossing-over—the switching of sections of chromosomes within a homologous pair that occurs during Prophase I • Independent Assortment—the principle where a pair of homologous chromosomes lines up and is separated independently from another pair of homologous chromosomes, occurs during Metaphase I /Anaphase I

10. Sister chromatids, Homologous Chromosomes, Daughter cells • Sister chromatids—two copied versions of a single chromosome (copied during S phase of interphase) • Homologous Chromosomes—matching pair of chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes (not identical) • Daughter cells—Two resulting cells that are produced during mitosis (identical copies of each other)