EOCT Ch. 1 Vocabulary Review

1. EOCT Ch. 1 Vocabulary Review

2. Quebec France’s first successful colony in North America which rested along the shores of the St.Lawrence River and gave the French an excellent settlement for carrying out their fur trade and establishing more settlement along the river.

3. Jamestown First successful English colony in North America (founded in Virginia

4. Tobacco Cash crop discovered by John Rolfe which became important to Jamestown and probably saved the colony. Tobacco’s profitability led to many more colonies coming to Virginia.

5. Powhatan Chief who led a confederation of Native Americans in Virginia. After initially going to war with the colonists he eventually negotiated an uneasy peace with them

6. Indentured Servants People who agreed tow work for a landowner up to 7 years in exchange for that landowner paying for their trip to North America. After 7 years they were suppose to become landowners themselves.

7. Bacon’s Rebellion Rebellion of small farmers, indentured servants, and some slaves in western Virginia led by an aristocrat . It involved his army fighting Native Americans when the governor failed to support their actions. The rebellion ultimately faded after his death but not until it demonstrated that Virginians wanted a government that represented more than just wealthy few and alerted the colony’s ruling class to the discontent existing in Virginia’s lower class and the need to deal with shortages of land

8. Slavery A system in which people are owned like property, it became even more important in Virginia after Bacon’s Rebellion.

9. Plantation System Economic system that relies on the production of cash crops by huge farms ownde by wealthy landowners. It made the South very dependent on slavery.

10. House of Burgesses The first elected legislativebody in the colonies. It was the house of Virginia’s legislature elected by the people.

11. New England Colonies British colonies including Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut

12. Southern Colonies British colonies consisting of Maryland, Virginia,North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia

13. Middle Colonies British colonies consisting of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware

14. StapleCrops Crops that are in large demand and provide the bulk of a region’s income

15. Religious Dissent Disagreement with the Anglican Church that led many New England colonists to come to the New World in search of religious freedom and to escape religious persecution.

16. Puritans Religious group that settled New England in hopes of establishing their own community built on “pure biblical teachings” rather than Anglican traditions. They were often not tolerant of others’ religious beliefs and had great impact on the region of New England

17. Town Meetings Meetings in colonial New England were local , tax-paying citizens, would meet to discuss and vote on issues

18. Roger WilliamsAnne Hutchinson Religious dissenters who left Massachusetts over disagreement with Puritan church leaders and who played key roles in founding of Rhode Island.

19. Rhode Island New England colony founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson.

20. Thomas Hooker Leader who disagreed with church leaders in Massachusetts and established Connecticut

21. Massachusetts losing its charter Massachussetts lost its charter in 1684 after years of unrest over religious disagreement. It then became a royal colony in 1691.

22. Massachusetts Legislature Dark period in Puritan history in which several people in Salem, Massachussetts were tried as witches and executed.

23. Half-Way Covenant Covenant adopted by the Puritan church that established partial membership in the church for the children and grandchildren of full members regardless of any conversion experience. Church leaders hoped in would to younger Puritans eventually seeing the value in full church membership thereby forsaking secularism in favor of Puritan teachings

24. Salem Witch Trials Dark period in Puritan history in which several people in Salem, Massachussetts were tried as witches and executed.

25. King Philip’s War Confrontation between Native Americans and whites settlers in New England that resulted in settlers gaining firmer control over the region.

26. The Dutch Europeans from the Netherlands who founded New Amsterdam.

27. New Amsterdam Key Dutch settlement at the mouth of the Hudson Rver that served as a key trading post

28. New York English name given to New Amsterdam after the English took the city from the Dutch

29. Atlantic Slave Trade Trade that involved European nations bringing black slaves from Africa and selling them in the Americas.

30. Middle Passage Over-ocean route traveled by slaves from Africa to the Americas.

31. Social Mobility Ability of someone to move from one social status to another through hard work. Etc.

32. Individualism A belief in the worth and potential of each individual despite what class a person in born into. It is closely associated with a belief that each individual is able to achieve success if they work hard etc.

33. Ben Franklin Great inventor, scientist, ambassador, writer, and US founding father who was also an example of individualism and social mobility in the colonies.

34. First Great Awakening A religious movement that featured passionate preaching from evangelists who believed that colonists needed to be called back to “sincere Christian commitment.” It helped establish separation of church and state as a valued colonial priciple

35. Mercantilism Theory common in the colonial period which taught that countries needed to export more goods than they imported in order to gain wealth and remain secure

36. Transatlantic Trade Trade between the colonies and Great Britain

37. Treaty of Paris 1763 Treaty ending the French and Indian War that resulted in Great Britain winning control of France’s claims in Canada and east of the Mississippi River and Florida.

38. French and Indian War War between the British and French (and their Native American allies) that was fought for control of eastern North America. The British eventually won

39. Stamp Act British tax on printed material in the colonies that outraged colonists, resulted in boycotts against British goods, and eventually helped lead to colonial calls for independence.

40. Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation made by King George III which forbade colonists from moving into territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. It outraged many colonists

41. Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty Groups that formed to help enfoce colonial boycotts against British goods in response to the Stamp Act. This used violence and intimidation to enforce the boycotts while the Daughters of Liberty used their skills to weave fabric and other products that were usually bought from Britain.

42. Committees of Correspondence Colonial groups dedicated to organizing resistance against British laws and made sure that colonists remained discontent with British rule.

43. Lexington and Concord Where the first shots of the American Revolution were fired.

44. Intolerable Acts Harsh laws passed by Great Britain after the Boston Tea Party which closed Boston Harbor, placed a military governor over Massachussetts, and expanded the Canadian border, taking land away from certain colonies

45. Thomas Paine Author of Common Sense