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Why did the ideas of the Enlightenment present a challenge to absolute monarchies?

Why did the ideas of the Enlightenment present a challenge to absolute monarchies?. The French Revolution. Reasons for Revolt. First Estate – the clergy Second Estate – the nobility Third Estate – at the top of the class was the middle class, called the bourgeoisie. Three Estates.

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Why did the ideas of the Enlightenment present a challenge to absolute monarchies?

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  1. Why did the ideas of the Enlightenment present a challenge to absolute monarchies?

  2. The French Revolution Reasons for Revolt

  3. First Estate – the clergy Second Estate – the nobility Third Estate – at the top of the class was the middle class, called the bourgeoisie Three Estates The First and Second Estates had far more power and privilege despite making up only 2% of the population

  4. An Absolute Disaster • Debt – the government was spending more than it was taking in, called deficit spending • Tax policy – nobles and clergy exempt from taxes, which limited government income • Poor harvests – caused food prices to rise in late 1780s, bread riots in countryside • Failed reform – Jacques Necker urged reduced spending and taxing First and Second Estates How do you think the clergy and nobility respond to Necker’s ideas?

  5. Meeting of the Estates Estates General National Assembly One person, one vote Created by Third Estate Tennis Court Oath – “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just Constitution” Joined by reform-minded nobles and clergy • First meeting in 175 years • All three Estates come together • Cahiers – notebooks prepared by the Estates to list their grievances • Each Estate meets separately, come together with one vote per Estate Why do you think some nobles and clergy would join the National Assembly?

  6. Storming the BastilleJuly 14, 1789 • Rumors that army was going to occupy the capital • Group of 800+ Parisians went to a prison called the Bastille, hoping to find weapons • They were seeking to defend themselves from the royal troops • Broke through the defenses, resulting in many killed, prisoners set free, but no weapons RIOT? REVOLT? REVOLUTION!

  7. 1 CONVEY TARGETED CONCEPT CONCEPT DIAGRAM 3 Key Words 2 OFFER OVERALL CONCEPT 2 1 3 NOTE KEY WORDS CLASSIFY CHARACTERISTICS 4 Always Present Sometimes Present Never Present 5 EXPLORE EXAMPLES Examples: Nonexamples: 6 PRACTICE WITH NEW EXAMPLE 7 TIE DOWNA DEFINITION Revolution Political change The French Revolution ? Revolution is a political change characterized by…

  8. REVOLUTION a fundamental change in political organization ; especially: the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/revolution

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