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Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System. Do Now. 8 Oddest Medical Conditions. Homework Due Next Class. Define: Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System Axon Myelin Sheath Threshold Synapse Neurotransmitter. Homework Due Next Class. Read Chapter 31.2 Take notes

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Central Nervous System

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  1. Central Nervous System

  2. Do Now • 8 Oddest Medical Conditions

  3. Homework Due Next Class • Define: • Peripheral Nervous System • Central Nervous System • Axon • Myelin Sheath • Threshold • Synapse • Neurotransmitter

  4. Homework Due Next Class • Read Chapter 31.2 • Take notes • Be ready to discuss next class

  5. Review • Constant communication is happening between the 2 nervous systems • You’re walking around in the dark and can’t see anything. Your hands are reaching for the light switch and your PNS relays the message of what it is touching to the CNS, which relays back to the PNS as to what it is supposed to be looking for.

  6. Structure of Neuron http://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/v/anatomy-of-a-neuron

  7. Worksheet • Complete worksheet on your own • If not finished, the Worksheet is added to homework • Answers can be found in Chapter 31.1 reading

  8. Major Areas of the Brain • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem

  9. Brain Changes • Sensory experience changes the patterns of neuron connections in the brain • What does this mean?

  10. Parts of the Brain • Cerebrum – The area of the brain that is the site of intelligence and learning • Cerebellum – Coordination of muscles and movement • Brain stem – The body’s functions continue when you are asleep or unconscious • Thalamus and hypothalamus – Areas of the brain located between the brain stem and the cerebrum • Limbic System - Emotions, behavior and memory

  11. Thalamus/Hypothalamus • Thalamus – receives messages from sensory receptors throughout the body and then relays the information to the proper regions of the cerebrum • Hypothalamus – Control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temp.

  12. Hypothalamus • Directly works with the Endocrine System • Controls what the hormones do, and where they go • Controls the Pituitary gland, which secretes hormones • Pituitary Gland is the “Master Gland” • Controls the Adrenal Gland, which sits on top of each kidney

  13. Adrenal Gland • Helps respond to stress • Produces cortisol • Too much cortisol, Cushing’s Syndrome • Too little cortisol, Addison’s Disease • Cortisol increases blood sugar, suppresses the immune system and aids in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism • Decreases Bone formation • How can this present problems?

  14. Cushing’s Syndrome • Some tumors secrete hormones, releasing too much cortisol • Symptoms are: • Upper body obesity • Thin arms and legs • Severe fatigue and muscles weakness • High BP • High Blood sugar • Easy Bruising • Potential risks?

  15. Addison’s Disease • Occurs when not enough cortisol is created (helping control the body’s stress response) • Immune system mistakenly attacks your own tissues • Symptoms include: • Weight loss • Muscle fatigue • Low blood pressure • Patchy, dark skin

  16. The Spinal Cord • The spinal cord is the major link between the brain (the HUB of processing) and the PNS • 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from spinal cord • Reflexes are quick, automatic responses to a stimulus • Who wants to learn/have their reflexes tested?

  17. Homework Due Next Class • Read Chapter 31.2 • Take notes • Be ready to discuss next class

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