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CHAPTER 20 SPECIFIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS CARBOHYDRATES

CHAPTER 20 SPECIFIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS CARBOHYDRATES. Polysaccharides (starch ). Disaccharides (lactose; maltose; sucrose). GLUCOSE. Glycogen (liver; muscles). Glycolysis. H. GLYCOLYSIS. 10 Step process to convert glucose to pyruvate. + 2 ATP. PYRUVATE. GLUCOSE. Glycolysis.

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CHAPTER 20 SPECIFIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS CARBOHYDRATES

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  1. CHAPTER 20 SPECIFIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS CARBOHYDRATES

  2. Polysaccharides (starch) Disaccharides (lactose; maltose; sucrose) GLUCOSE Glycogen (liver; muscles) Glycolysis

  3. H GLYCOLYSIS • 10 Step process to convert glucose to pyruvate + 2 ATP PYRUVATE GLUCOSE

  4. Glycolysis • During glycolysis, there is net conversion of 2ADP to 2ATP.

  5. Reactions of Pyruvate • Pyruvate is most commonly metabolized in one of three ways, depending on the type of organism and the presence or absence of O2.

  6. ENERGY Pyruvate to Lactate • In vertebrates under anaerobic conditions, the most important pathway for the regeneration of NAD+ is reduction of pyruvate to lactate.

  7. Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA • Under aerobic conditions, the carboxylate group is converted to CO2. • The remaining two carbons are converted to the acetyl group of acetyl CoA.

  8. Fermentation

  9. SUMMARY

  10. Glycogen-polymer of glucose Glucose → Glycogen = GLYCOGENESIS Glycogen → Glucose = GLYCOGENOLYSIS

  11. glucose pyruvate glycerol amino acids lactate GLUCONEOGENESIS • Pyruvate→ Glucose

  12. Hyperglycemia- too much glucose in the blood; sugar in urine Hypoglycemia- glucose level too low; dizzy, fainting, coma

  13. HORMONES CONTROLBLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL • INSULIN • rate that glucose leaves blood and enters cells • rate of glucose → glycogen (glycogenesis) • rate of glucose → pyruvate (glycolysis) • rate of glycogen → glucose (glycogenolysis) • rate that glucose leaves blood and enters cells • GLUCAGON

  14. Type I Juvenile Insulin-related Type II Adult onset Non insulin-related DIABETES Inability to regulate blood glucose levels

  15. Insulin shock, or diabetic coma, is the potentially fatal end result of the medical condition hypoglycemia. Claus von Bulow Sunny von Bulow

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