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Air Defense Opportunities

K-1. Air Defense Opportunities. and Challenges. for Expeditionary Forces. Dr Harold W. Sorenson. The world has changed. Threat. Operations. Technology. Is no longer Russia. Multiple regional conflicts can emerge… simultaneously. The preferred mode of operations is Multinational.

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Air Defense Opportunities

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  1. K-1 Air Defense Opportunities and Challenges for Expeditionary Forces Dr Harold W. Sorenson

  2. The world has changed . . . Threat Operations Technology Is no longer Russia. Multiple regional conflicts can emerge… simultaneously. The preferred mode of operations is Multinational. The rate of change in commercial technology is changing both sides of the battlefield.

  3. JSTARS U2-R Ground Processing Ground Processing GSM USAF Command & Control (today’s operational reality) AWACS INT CA • Little interoperability • Joint service • Coalition • Large forward footprint CRE CRC AOC Dissemination • Labor intensive collection and coordination • Individual stovepipe systems • Difficult to integrate • Difficult to build recognized operational pix • Inflexible • Time intensive • Disjointed workflow • Scattered snapshots of the battlespace • different time • different views/aspect angles • different parameter names • Fraction of the information sources used • intelligence • open sources Data Overload & Information Starvation!

  4. What are AEFs? • AF vision to organize, train, and equip its total force to meet 21st century challenges • Joint commander will depend on AEF to tailor desired operational effect • AEF provides more responsive force packaging, better visibility into force tempo

  5. Air Force Expeditionary Forces

  6. Joint Forces Global Info Grid Discontinue Joint Requirements, CONOPS, and Doctrine User Needs (Requirements Pull) OUTPUT System Architecture Adaptive Architectures and COEs Decision Support Planning, Programming, Budgeting • Deficiencies • Enhancements CONCEPTS Modeling and Simulation System Capability Opportunities (Tech Push) Information Warfare Protection FEEDBACK Information Management and Distribution ANALYSIS & MODEL Consistent Battlespace Understanding PROTO& SIM BATTLE LABS Value, Maturity, Stds, CONOPS, Training, etc.. IOT&E & FOT&E CommercialTechnology & Trends JOINT OPERATIONS Robust, Seamless Communications A Revolution in Military Affairs New Operational Concepts Architectural Concept for 2010 New System-of-System Concepts New Acquisition Paradigm

  7. K-7 Key Operational Concepts

  8. Distributed Ops Integrated Air and Space Dynamic Battle Management Enhanced Battlespace View Integrated ISR Enhanced Situation Awareness Enhanced mobility Greater Interoperability Increased Responsiveness Greater flexibility Key C2 Challenges Command and Control Operational Vision EAF Key Elements - People, Processes and Systems Tanker/ Airlift Node JCS Space Node JAOC Rear Intel Center Special Ops

  9. Rivet Joint AWACS UAV JSTARS • New C2 node; replaces • CRC/CRE • Mission flexible; tailored • to contingency • Common air control/battle • management capabilities; • Increased SATCOM • Improved data links • LAN/WAN ground comm • Missile tracking • Multi-sensor fusion • Host nation sensor • processing Coalition Center(s) • Small footprint • TMD capable TACP Small Distributed Nodes CTF EOC BCC CAOC CoalitionRadars ASOC RemoteRadars/Comm FLOT Improved Mobility and Mission Flexibility

  10. Rivet Joint AWACS UAV • Real-Time information • to the cockpit • Decentralized execution at • control nodes • Decision support for dynamic • targeting • Collaboration to optimize • weapon/target pairing • Immediate tasking JSTARS Coalition Center(s) TACP Dynamic Battle Management:Response to Time Critical Targets Ground Processing CTF EOC CAOC BCC CoalitionRadars ASOC RemoteRadars/Comm FLOT Improved Collaboration and Responsiveness

  11. ISR/Ops Integration K-11 Single integrated view of ISR assets and coverage Automated tools for visualization of current and planned coverage Visualization of current and planned coverage to support redirection Intelligence Determination of impacts of retasking Enhanced methods/procedures for sensor control COA development/prediction Theatre situation assessment Target development Collateral damage assessment Collection management Strategic Division Combat Plans Strategic Planning Deployable, flexible exploitation tools Air Battle Planning Targeting and weaponeering Collection plan generation Intelligence briefing Reporting & Analysis Combat assessment Mission reporting Mission Preparation Combat Operations Mission Execution Unit Operations Unit Operations Targeting and weaponeering Threat assessment for mission planning Intel preparation for air crew Combat Operations Dynamic retasking Situational awareness Improved Decision-making and Responsiveness

  12. Space situation awareness Visibility into space vehicle taskings Navigational accuracy prediction SPACE TASKING ORDER TASKUNIT / 11SWS / FALCON AFB CO // MSNDAT / TBMW / Early warning to theater MSNCVG / 120900Z - 152359Z / - / - / - // ABCCC / IRAN // CRC MSNCVG / 120955Z - 121200Z / 121400Z - 121730Z / - / - // Interdiction Aircraft RMKS / TPS-75 TASKUNIT / 1SOPS / FALCON AFB / CO // MSNDAT / FLT17 / Airfields & WOC Environment prediction and impact assessment Integration of Air and Space C2 National Resources On-Call AEW Theater CINC National Systems Attached AEW Space Ops Center ROSC Marine TAOC JTF HQ CAOC NAF/COMAFFOR Tactical Air Control (BCC, RCC) ASOC/TACP Navy Command Ship Enhanced Situation Awareness

  13. K-13 How are we getting there?

  14. An existing (or new) System Another existing (or new) System Communications pipe Traditional System Integration and Interoperability • Systems are connected to each other • With dedicated circuits, or • With preplanned message interchanges for each pairwise system-to-system connection • The “Requirements, Specifications, and Contracts” make it so. • (and the funding supports it this way…) Info source Info consumer

  15. C2 Vision - Building the “ic2.com”Basic Tenets Of C2 Acquisition • Architecture-based • Architectures provide structure that guide the development • Experiment-driven • Experiments enable operator/developer/contractor interaction in an manner that encourages innovative approaches to operational problems • Capability-focused • Changes focus from systems and programs to operations and capabilities • Integration/interoperability-focused • Changes acquisition emphasis from technology development and maturation • Evolutionary acquisition/spiral development-enabled • Implies a change in business processes from waterfall practices of past to commercial industry practices of present and future • Distributed test bed environment • Provides hardware and software environment that enables a consistent approach to implementing and realizing the preceding elements • Simulation-based acquisition (SBA) • Use of integrated simulations built around executable architectures and related tools provides a systematic approach to analyzing AND realizing the ic2.com

  16. C2 Vision The integrated and interoperable C2 capability will be web-like using the integration of commercial IT systems and DOD-developed systems,including the incorporation of legacy systems Common Infrastructure Increases Interoperability and Affordability

  17. C2 VisionThe Infrastructure Model The common infrastructure will be layered with information assurance embedded at all levels Parts of the infrastructure exist but much remains to be created

  18. Shared Physical Plant Process/Display Units 0 Space Ops Apps Combat Support Apps Other Apps (workstation clients, servers, . . .) Shared Devices 0 ISR Apps Mobility Apps Combat Ops Apps Common Media 0 (CD ROM, Tape, . . .) Connectors 0 (DB25, Cannon Plug, . . .) Common Operating Environment (COE) 0 Common Data Environment (CDE) Information Management Information Assurance Common Communications Environment (CCE) Shared Physical Plant Infrastructure(Component View) Common Comm Env Common Operating Env Common Data Env (storage, printing, workstations, . . .) Shared Services Wide Area Networks (WAN) 0 0 Physical Data Mgmt Enterprise Mgmt 0 Local Area Networks (LAN) 0 0 Shared Data Access Messaging 0 Complex Circuits 0 0 Metadata Mgmt (Video w/audio) COP 0 0 Repository and Tools Simple Connectivity Office Automation 0 0 Circuits Distributed Computing 0 0 Domain Mgmt (serial, SCSI, . . .) Alerts 0 0 Database Mux /Routers/Bridges 0 Web Services Engineering/Migration 0 Switches/Radio/ Crypto 0 Development Toolkits 0 0 Publish & Subscribe SATCOM (Ground, Air…) 0 Collaboration 0 0 Secure Data Storage and Metadata Mgmt Firewalls 0 Mail Security 0 0 Intrusion Detection 0 0 Key Manag’t Services 0 0

  19. C2 VisionInformation Management = Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) Information management in the ic2.com will be accomplished through the JBI Implementation of the JBI is beginning and requires the participation of the entire C2 community

  20. Infosphere Enabling Concepts: • Publish what you know… (to an information broker) • Subscribe/Query what you want to know…(to a broker) • Let a broker do the job of associating/pairing subscriptions with publishing • Use Global Grid as the underpinning communications media • Inform GG of info flow, quality of service, etc. priorities • Let circuits, bandwidth, AJ protection, reliability of communications, etc. be administered by GG The implications… the implications…of implementing these concepts are for you to think about

  21. JBI Basics The JBI is a system of systems that integrates, aggregates, & distributes information to users at all echelons, from the command center to the battlefield. The JBI is built on four key technologies: • Information exchange • Publish/Subscribe • Transforming datato knowledge • “Fuselets” • Distributed collaboration • Shared, updateable knowledge objects • Force/Unit interfaces • Templates • Operational capability • Information inputs • Information requirements

  22. IM Policy Maker Core (fuselets) (Build some now!!) ‘Infosphere’ essential services (A core capability enabling Information Management among systems) Exploitation (now fielded) Connectivity (IP it now!!) An existing (or new) System (Come as you are…almost) Another existing (or new) System (Come as you are…almost) The Global Grid Info source Info consumer Basic “Infosphere” Concept Compatibility Protocol (needs improvement) • Web-like connectivity requires creation of the Global Grid • Exploitation can be accommodated within existing direction • Compatibility needs some twisting but could be accommodated • Core capability requires dedicated investment…

  23. Using XML in C3I Systems Operational database • XML can be used to “glue” software components together • XML is an enabling technology XML GIS XML XML Communication System

  24. Mobility Operations Combat Operations Combat Support Operations Intelligence Operations Scope of Air Force Global Grid All classification levels AF Global Grid

  25. Remote Net Manager Remote Net Manager Global Grid Network Centric Vision Air Operations Center Network Access Manager Data System Video Voice/ Heads-up Display Voice Tactical Networked Radio • Global connectivity based on SATCOM, radio and terrestrial backbone • One network • Integrated digital services • Adaptable, scaleable • Mobile infrastructure • Robust, protected • Self-managed Voice/ Heads-up Display Tactical Networked Radio Wing Operations Center Data Video Remote Net Manager Voice Tactical Networked Radio

  26. AC2ISRC (OA) Operational Architecture I n p u t s Integrated Architecture Interoperable System Build/ Deploy C2 INTEROPERABLE INTEGRATION User SPOs/ Industry Systems Architecture (SA) Not Interoperable Ic2.com Development Process Integrated Architecture Interoperable Systems Seamless C2 ESC/CX ESC/CX Modeling & Simulation Modeling & Simulation CUBE JEFX Not In Accordance with the Architecture

  27. C2 Centers Future C2ISR Operations Sensors Weapon Systems Global Grid Processing & Exploitation Centers Aerospace Warriors 21st Century Operating Environment • Interoperability - wider range of partners • Time - reduced planning / execution times • Reachback - “virtual staffs” augment theater • Information - increased access and availability • Precision information as well as weapons

  28. K-28 AIR & SPACE POWER INTEGRATED COMMAND & CONTROL AGILE CMBT SUPPORT PRECISION ENGAGEMENT RAPID GLOBAL MOBILITY INFORMATION SUPERIORITY COALITION AEROSPACE C2 CAPSTONE ARCHITECTURE USA USMC USN USAF DEFENSE AGENCIES OPERATIONAL SYSTEM TECHNICAL AN EVOLVING IC2S BLK RELEASE/SPIRAL EVOL EXECUTION ROADMAPS INNOVATIVE EXP The DoD C2 Enterprise (REALIZING JV2010) ARCH-BASED

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