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Logical Reasoning

Logical Reasoning . Syllogisms and Three Types of Hypothetical Syllogisms. Definition of A Syllogism.

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Logical Reasoning

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  1. Logical Reasoning Syllogisms and Three Types of Hypothetical Syllogisms

  2. Definition of A Syllogism A syllogism is a deductive argument presented in the form of two supporting premises and a conclusion. Premises and conclusion will be presented on separate lines with the conclusion last.

  3. Two Types of Syllogisms • Hypothetical Syllogisms, is a form of deductive arguments that contain two premises at least one of which is a hypothetical or “if…., then …..” statement. • Categorical Syllogisms, is a deductive argument, in which categories or sorts things into specific classes, such as mammals, students, or countries. It is composed of a conclusion, two premises and three terms, each of which occurs exactly twice in two of the three propositions.

  4. Three Types of Hypothetical Syllogisms • Modus Ponens , is a hypothetical syllogism in which the antecedent premise is affirmed by the consequent premise. Example: If A (antecedent), then B (consequent). A. Therefore, B. If I get the raise at work, then I will pay off my debt. I got the raise at work. Therefore, I will pay off my debt.

  5. Three Types of Hypothetical Syllogisms • Modus Tollens, is a hypothetical syllogism in which the second premise denies the consequent, and the conclusion denies the truth of the antecedent. Example If A (Ancedent), then B (Consequent). Not B. Therefore, Not A. If Jim is a lawyer, then he went to law school. Jim did not go to law school. Therefore, Jim is not a lawyer.

  6. Three Types of Hypothetical Syllogisms • Chain Arguments, are hypothetical arguments in which three or more conditional premises are linked together. Example: If A, then B. If B, then C. If C, then D. Therefore, A, then D.

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