Evolution of Logical Reasoning

1. Evolution of Logical Reasoning Lindsay Thibodeau

2. The Four Common Conditional Statement Forms In Logical Reasoning Rule: If P then Q (P) (not P) (Q) (not Q) -Affirming the Consequent -Denying the Antecedent

3. Wason Selection Task P not P Q not Q • Rule If there is a vowel, there is an even number • Which card(s) do you flip? • Correct answer A 3 • Why? If card A does not have a even number on the other side it disproves the rule. If the 3 card has a vowel an the other side it disproves the rule as well. • General Stucture of the Wason Test

4. Example of Wason Test with a Social Contract Rule P not P Q not Q

5. General Structure of a Social Contract Problem If you take the benefit, then you must satisfy the requirement. (If P then Q )

6. Two Problems based on the Wason Selection Test • Abstract • Difficult • Complex • Wason Selection Test • Why are we better at solving logical problems put in social perspective? • Social • Easier • Simple

7. Evolutionary Perspective Cheater Detection Theory • Rely on social ties to survive • We live in social networks • Help vs punishment • Requirement of a social network • Detecting cheaters • Especially good at it!!!

8. Why are we better…… • Social Problems DO NOT activate logical reasoning… • Switched Format Standard format: "If you give me your watch, I will give you $100".  “If I take the benefit, then I will satisfy the requirement.”  (If P then Q ) Switched format: "If I give you $100, then you give me your watch" “If I satisfy the requirement, then I take the benefit.”(switched form) (If P then Q )

9. Why are we better cont’d…Standard Format Switched Format

10. Thank you Questions/ Comments?????