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GPC 126 Physiological Psychology

GPC 126 Physiological Psychology. Basic Structures and Features of the Central Nervous System. Dean Owen, Ph.D., LPCC METU-NCC Spring 2018. This presentation has been created to assist in the mastery of the material contained in Chapter 2 of the text

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GPC 126 Physiological Psychology

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  1. GPC 126 Physiological Psychology Basic Structures and Features of the Central Nervous System Dean Owen, Ph.D., LPCC METU-NCC Spring 2018

  2. This presentation has been created to assist in the mastery of the material contained in Chapter 2 of the text Foundations of Physiological Psychology by Neil R. Carlson All of the material contained in the presentation is drawn from the text. Lecture 4

  3. For all that you are and all you will be….we celebrate with you this day!

  4. 1. Review of basic descriptive anatomical terms Plan for the day 2. Review the structures of the Central Nervous System (CNS) 3. Review of Basic Brain Regions and functions 4. Review of hemispheric dominance

  5. Some housekeeping

  6. Assignment for 15 March: Come to class with a list of three (3) potential topics for your research presentation. These will be discussed in class next week. Some housekeeping

  7. Topics?? Chemical addiction Alzheimer’s Disease Autism Attention disorders Obesity Depressive disorder Anxiety disorder Narcolepsy Eating disorders Sleeping disorders Epilepsy Multiple sclerosis Parkinson’s Disease Bipolar disorder Amnesia Cerebral Palsy Bell’s Palsy Carpal Tunnel Synd. Diabetic Neuropathy Down’s Syndrome Dyslexia Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Migraine Headache Disorders of hearing, sight, taste, smell or touch Huntington’s disease Restless leg syndrome Sleep Apnea Spinal injury Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Tourette’s Syndrome Shaken Baby Syndrome Mental Retardation Learning Disability Biology of meditation Phantom Limb Central pain Synd ADD-ADHD Agnosia Diabetic Neuropathy Traumatic Brain injury Dementia(s) New Medications Brain Changes in learning Brain changes in pregnancy Closed head injury Neuro-Physiology of Sex Biology of attraction Neuro-physiology of stress But First….some housekeeping

  8. Questions….. Comments….. OK….let’s begin There’s lots to cover today…hold on!

  9. Anatomical Directional Terms Dorsal: Near the upper surface..toward the back. Review of some basic terms Ventral: “Toward the belly”…The Front of the Body

  10. Anatomical Directional Terms Anterior: In front of, front Review of some basic terms Posterior: After, behind, following, toward the rear

  11. Anatomical Directional Terms Review of some basic terms Proximal: Near, closer to the origin Distal: Away from, farther from the origin

  12. Anatomical Directional Terms Review of some basic terms Superior: Above, over Inferior: Below, under

  13. Anatomical Directional Terms Review of some basic terms Lateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-line Medial: Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side

  14. Anatomical Directional Terms Caudal: Toward the back, toward the tail Rostral: Toward the front Review of some basic terms

  15. Central Nervous System Review of some basic terms

  16. Cranial Nerve Described Cranial Nerves

  17. On Old Olympus’ Towering Top AFamous Vocal German Viewed Some Hops. VII. Facial Nerve Taste, somatosensory info ear and facial expressions I. Olfactory nerve Smell II. Optic nerve vision VIII. Vestibulocochlear Hearing and Balance Cranial Nerves IX. Glassopharyngeal Sensation of tongue and muscles used in swallowing III. Oculomotor nerve Eye movement/pupils X. Vagus Nerve Autonomic functions glands, digestion and heart. IV. Trochlear Eye Movement XI. Spinal Accessory Muscles controlling head movement V. Trigeminal Nerve Somatosensory..head and neck/muscles for chewing XII. Hypoglossal Nerve Muscles of the tongue VI. Abducens nerve Eye movement

  18. Divisions of the spinal cord The are five divisions of the spinal cord, corresponding to the different groups of vertebrae: Cervical: 7 vertebrae (C1-C7) Thoracic: 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) Lumbar: 5 vertebrae (L1-L5) Sacral: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1-S5) Coccygeal: 3-5 (fused) vertebrae (Tailbone)   Note that although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). In the diagram to the right, the cervical nerves are the ones labeled and the vertebra are shown in between. Spinal Cord Source: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/spinal_cord.html

  19. Peripheral Nervous System • Peripheral Nervous system • Cranial Nerves • Spinal Nerves • Peripheral Ganglia Review of some basic terms

  20. Double layered Tube Outer layer: White matter Inner layer: Gray matter Meninges: Protective membranes Pia mater Arachnoid Dura mater Spinal Cord Source: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/spinal_cord.html

  21. Spinal Nerves

  22. Movie time Brain Development https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NCahToUzkA When you have a bit more time….PLEASE WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FugrcVhi2tg&list=PLAEF5CDBE8307DE80

  23. Weight: 1.5 kg Volume: Female 1130 cm3 Male 1260 cm3 Composition: Neurons, Glial Cells, & blood vessels Consumes 20% of your daily energy The Brain

  24. The Brain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UukcdU258A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI A song for you…..la la la la la la la la la la laaaaaaaaa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYwOtTMUz0c

  25. 4 Main parts of the Brain • The brain stem • Cerebellum • Limbic System • Cerebrum

  26. The brain stem

  27. Medulla oblongata: Heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure The brain stem Pons: Connects Cerebellum to the rest of the CNS and controls head movement in response to sight and sound Midbrain: (mesenencephalon)Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the rest of the CNS and is the reflex-center for vision, sound and touch

  28. Cerebellum Responsible for muscle coordination Muscle tone Balance (ear and body position)

  29. Cerebellum Smooth, coordinated and precise movement Essential in motor learning …..building muscle memory.

  30. The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain", is found buried within the cerebrum. Like the cerebellum, evolutionarily the structure is rather old. The Limbic System

  31. Components of the Limbic system • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Amygdala • Hippocampus. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDlDirzOSI8 The Limbic System

  32. Thalamus The Limbic System A midline symmetrical structure of two halves, within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. Some of its functions are the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex,

  33. 2. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is a section of the brain responsible for hormone production. These hormones control body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, moods, sex drive, and the release of other hormones in the body. This area of the brain controls the pituitary gland and other glands in the body. The Limbic System Regulates ANS Fight/Flight Rest/Digest Homeostasis

  34. 2. Hypothalamus The Limbic System

  35. Amygdala • The amygdala is involved in several functions of the body including: • Arousal • Autonomic Responses Associated with Fear • Emotional Responses • Hormonal Secretions • Memory The Limbic System

  36. 4. Hippocampus The Limbic System Hippocampus- the portion of the cerebral hemispheres in basal medial part of the temporal lobe. This part of the brain is important for learning and memory . . . for converting short term memory to more permanent memory, and for recalling spatial relationships in the world about us

  37. Areas of the brain • The brain is composed of Cerebral Hemispheres,

  38. Areas of the brain • These two hemispheres are connected by the a mass of connective tissue called the Corpus Callosum

  39. 5 Main parts of the Brain Cerebrum Largest part of brain 4 lobes Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

  40. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • Different parts of the brain can be stimulated electrically to see which muscles in the body respond • Conversely different parts of the body can be stimulated to see which parts of the brain show electrical activity. • More recently MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) has been used in brain study

  41. Areas of the cerebrum

  42. Areas of the cerebrum

  43. The areas can be split into 3 groups Sensory Areas Motor Areas Association Areas

  44. Association Motor Sensory Sensory area for impulses from eyes

  45. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • Sensory areas of the cerebral hemispheres receive impulses from sense organs and transmit them to the association areas • The association areas of the cerebral hemispheres receive impulses - interpret them in the light of similar past experiences and transmit impulses to motor areas….

  46. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres Close your eyes….what’s this……??

  47. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • The motor areas transmit impulses to the effectors • The size of the sensory and motor areas is related to the number of receptors in that area • The left and right cerebral hemispheres control the opposite sides of the body

  48. Sensory Homunculus

  49. Mapping of the sensory & motor areas to the body

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