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Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012)

Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012). Martino Poggio. Preliminary Logistics and Introduction. Course outline and expectations; What is nanomechanics ? Why study nanomechanics ?. People. Course Leader/Lectures: Martino Poggio Teaching Assistants/Exercise Sessions:

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Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012)

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  1. Introduction to Nanomechanics(Spring 2012) Martino Poggio

  2. Preliminary Logistics and Introduction Course outline and expectations; What is nanomechanics? Why study nanomechanics?

  3. People • Course Leader/Lectures: • Martino Poggio • Teaching Assistants/Exercise Sessions: • Michele Montinaro • FeiXue • Gunter Wüst • Jonathan Prechtel Introduction to Nanomechanics

  4. Format and requirements • Language: English • Prerequisites: Physics III; course-work in solid- state physics and statistical mechanics • Lectures: 10-12 on Tues. (21.02-29.05.2012) • Exercise Sessions: 13-14 on Wed. • Assignments: exercises and reading of current papers • Final paper: 4-5 page report on significant experimental paper due on 29.06.2012 • Grading: Pass/fail Introduction to Nanomechanics

  5. Literature • Foundations of Nanomechanics, A. N. Cleland (Springer, 2003) • Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, F. Reif (McGraw-Hill, 1965) • Original papers from Nature, Science, Physical Review Letters, Applied Physics Letters, Review of Scientific Instruments, Physics Today, etc. Introduction to Nanomechanics

  6. Website http://poggiolab.unibas.ch/NanoMechSpring2012.htm • Overview • Format and Requirements • Schedule • Lecture content • Exercise session • Documents (PDF) • Optional reading • Documents (PDF) Introduction to Nanomechanics

  7. http://poggiolab.unibas.ch/NanoMechSpring2012.htm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  8. http://poggiolab.unibas.ch/NanoMechSpring2012.htm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  9. What is nanomechanics? • Well… it’s the study of the mechanical properties of very very small things • A nanometer is 10-9 meters 1 nm = 0.000000001 m 100,000 nm ≈ diameter of a human hair 1 nm ≈ diameter of 10 atoms Introduction to Nanomechanics

  10. Size scales Visible light 0.4 - 0.8 mm Basel DNA 2.5 nm The sun 1.4 Gm H atom 50 pm 1.2 Mm Proton 1.75 fm Average man 1.75 m Matterhorn 1.0 km Lecce BIG small Red blood cell 10 mm 109 m 106 m 103 m 100 m 10-3 m 10-6 m 10-9 m 10-12 m 10-15 m Gm Mm km m mm m nm pm fm Dog flea 2 mm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  11. (Macro)mechanics Nanomechanics 109 m 106 m 103 m 100 m 10-3 m 10-6 m 10-9 m 10-12 m 10-15 m Gm Mm km m mm m nm pm fm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  12. How is nanomechanics different than (macro)mechanics? • Thermal fluctuations significantly affect the motion of small bodies • Quantum mechanical fluctuations affect the motion of even smaller bodies Introduction to Nanomechanics

  13. Brownian motion Fat droplets suspended in milk through a 40x objective. The droplets are 0.5 - 3.0 mm in size. Introduction to Nanomechanics

  14. Thermal energy Particle mass Boltzmann constant Mean square velocity Temperature Introduction to Nanomechanics

  15. Brownian motion Mean square displacement (a measure of the size of the fluctuations) Elapsed time Particle radius Viscosity of medium Introduction to Nanomechanics

  16. Cantilever F x Spring constant Introduction to Nanomechanics

  17. Cantilever F x Mean square displacement Introduction to Nanomechanics

  18. 1st mode Introduction to Nanomechanics

  19. (Macro)mechanics L = 2 m w = 100 mm t = 50 mm ESS = 200 GPa xth = 0.2 pm for T = 300 K k = 78 kN/m Introduction to Nanomechanics

  20. Nanomechanics L = 120 mm w = 3 mm t = 100 nm ESi = 169 GPa xth = 8 nm for T = 300 K k = 73 mN/m Introduction to Nanomechanics

  21. Quantum fluctuations Zero point fluctuations Planck constant Resonant frequency Mass Introduction to Nanomechanics

  22. (Macro)mechanics l = 2 m w = 100 mm t = 50 mm ESS = 200 Gpa r = 7.85 g/cm3 xZPF = 0.2 am xZPF = 0.2 x 10-18 m k = 78 kN/m m = 20 kg Introduction to Nanomechanics

  23. Nanomechanics L = 120 mm w = 3 mm t = 100 nm ESi = 169 Gpa r = 2.3 g/cm3 xZPF = 0.2 pm xZPF = 0.2 x 10-12 m k = 73 mN/m m = 20 pg Introduction to Nanomechanics

  24. Carbon nanotube m = 10-21 kg w = 2px 500 MHz xZPF = 4 pm xZPF = 4 x 10-12 m Introduction to Nanomechanics

  25. Quantum fluctuations of a drum Lehnert, 2011 Introduction to Nanomechanics

  26. Why study nanomechanics? • Link between classical mechanics and statistical mechanics • Link between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics • Smaller sensors are more sensitive Introduction to Nanomechanics

  27. What is nanomechanics good for? • Smaller sensors are more sensitive! • Measurement of displacement • Measurement of mass • Measurement of force • Measurement of charge • Measurement of magnetic moment Introduction to Nanomechanics

  28. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) Si (111) (AFM) Giessibl, 2000 DNA (AFM) 10 nm Magnetic Bits (MFM) Hamon, 2007 500 nm Folks, 2000 10 mm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  29. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) Eigler, 1993 Introduction to Nanomechanics

  30. Quantum effects Quantum of Thermal Conductance Casimir Force Measurement Decca, 2003 Schwab et al., 2000 Introduction to Nanomechanics

  31. Weighing a single atom Zettl, 2008

  32. Measuring a single electron spin Rugar, 2004 Introduction to Nanomechanics

  33. Nano-magnetic resonance imaging (nanoMRI) Degen, 2009 50 nm Introduction to Nanomechanics

  34. Cantilever Basics (statics) Introduction to Nanomechanics

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