Status and evolution of the European Scanning System

1. Status and evolution of the European Scanning System • Basic concepts • Present Status of the System • Evolution – Next Future

2. The European Scanning System - Basic concepts Cheap system:use commercial componentsas much as possible Modular system:incremental improvementsby replacing one componentat a time Software-based system:focus on software to makethe system flexibleto various situations

3. The European Scanning System - Present Status Z stage (Micos)0.05 μm nominalprecision CMOS camera1280×1024 pixel256 gray levels376 frames/sec(Mikrotron MC1310) Emulsion Plate XY stage (Micos)0.1 μm nominalprecision Illumination system, objective (Oil 50× NA 0.85/Dry 50× NA 0.95) and optical tube (Nikon)

4. The European Scanning System - Present Status The ESS is mostly SW-based and very modular New, better components are quickly integratedto increase performances

5. The European Scanning System - Present Status Mikrotron camera Photonfocus camera,Matrox Odyssey SW improvements DALSA 1M60 Camera, 3×Genesis Total installedscanning power: ~600 cm2/h/side(~30 microscopes) Hitachi KPF110 camera Current workfocused onincreasing purityrather than speed Scanning speed (area scan of 43 mm thick emulsion)

6. The European Scanning System - Present Status Camera Vision Processor(Matrox Odyssey) Host PC(Dual PentiumWorkstation)RunningWinXP 2D Images(peak 452 MB/s,avg. 97 MB/s) Binarized2D Images Motors(VEXTA Nanostep) Motion Controller(National InstrumentsFlexMotion) 3Dmicrotracks XYZ MotionCommands Power Tomographic sequencesZ axis moving, 2D imagesspanning emulsion thickness 280×365μm2 Next field of view,Z at top, new cycle Process/save data Move XYZ to next view DAQ cycle(185 ms) Functional blocks

7. The European Scanning System - Present Status 15 images10 grains signal/image,3000 grains background+noise, shadows, scratches, spots 2D FIR Filter+Equalization+ Threshold Grain recognition (Host PC, multithreadedAssembler code) 3D microtrack reconstruction(Host PC, multithreaded C++ code) 300 ÷ 3000 microtracks / view

8. The European Scanning System - Present Status Data sent to temporary file serversDistributed computing based on .NET Batch Manager coordinatesjobs and directs Scan Servers Data Processing Serverstake care of heavy computingfor data postprocessing Data ready for physics analysisare written to DB servers(also used to share data)

9. The European Scanning System - Present Status Performances of the European Scanning System • Scanning speed: 20 cm2/h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data) • Microtracking precision (single emulsion layer): 0.066 mm

10. The European Scanning System - Present Status Performances of the European Scanning System A track is the result of the connection of two microtracks on opposite sides of a plate • Scanning speed: 20 cm2/h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data) • Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.5) • Efficiency: up to 95% using tracks, ~100% using microtracks(however, background is larger with microtracks) • 0.3÷0.7μm precision for reconstructed tracks

11. The European Scanning System - Present Status Residuals of tracks w.r.t. multi-plate fit of 8 GeV p Slope=0.2dl~0.5mm Slope=0.2dt~0.3mm plate-to-plate alignment by high-energy passing-through-tracks Slope=0.7dt~0.7mm t l Top view Side view dt, dl

12. The European Scanning System - Present Status A reconstructed vertex in OPERA, outof 61,000,000 microtracks XY VertexZ=892 mmupstream of plate 25 Beam d m c e f m a b 6 prongs XZ

13. The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future • Increase of image processing power for: • higher scanning speed • higher camera resolution / better imaging precision Currently, one Odyssey board can handle 20 cm2/h/sideat high resolution (0.3 mm/pixel) Matrox Odyssey is superscalar, i.e. several boards can be mounted in the same host and share tasks With resolution going to 0.387 mm/pixel,5 Odyssey boards can handle 167 cm2/h/side

14. The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future • Increase of processing power for: • higher scanning speed • better tracking quality • higher camera resolution / better imaging precision • dealing with more background tracks Presently, ~50% of CPU time is free for tracking Data size is relatively small, and can easily travel on a LAN Tracking can be moved to a tracking server factory Increase of track processing power by a factor 10: 5×2,000€ = 10,000€!(ready for 200 cm2/h/side) Code already written, just waiting for debugging/testing!

15. The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future • Increase of image quality for: • precision measurement • improved efficiency The system is not bound to use one single type of camera Mikrotron EoSens has lower noiseand higher sensitivity thanpresent MC1310(goes up to 2500 ASA) 500 fps/600 MPixel/s Larger pixel size (36% area increase)brings proportionally higher speed Already under testing to estimate data quality improvement

16. Conclusions The European Scanning System A modular system has been shown for nuclear emulsion scanningCheap hardwareCommercial componentsSW approach to problem solution Scanning speed is coupled with precision, efficiency and purity20 cm2/h/side on 43mm emulsion layers 0.3÷0.7 mm precision 95% track finding efficiency 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.5) Improvements already going on for the next challenges Better camera (higher precision/higher speed) already being tested Tracking server to increase processing power (prototype next weeks) Superscalarity vision processor can be used to increase image processing power An evolving project!