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Immunology

Immunology. Immunology. Purpose of the immune system: Discriminate self from non-self Non-self –Antigens Immunity: All mechanisms used by the host to protect itself and fight non-self. Non-Self - Antigens. Anything that can react with the participants of the immune system Ex. antibodies

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Immunology

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  1. Immunology

  2. Immunology • Purpose of the immune system: • Discriminate self from non-self • Non-self –Antigens • Immunity: • All mechanisms used by the host to protect itself and fight non-self

  3. Non-Self - Antigens • Anything that can react with the participants of the immune system • Ex. antibodies • Epitope: Characteristic of the antigen which allows its recognition as being non-self • Ex. Lipids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides

  4. Epitopes The Antigen Virus=Antigen

  5. Immunological Diagnostic Methods • Determine the presence of an antigen: • An organism • A protein • A toxin • An antibody • ELISA method to determine quantity • Immunochromatography (Rapid tests)

  6. ELISA • Used to detect the presence of antigens or antibodies • High sensitivity • Quantitative

  7. Antigen Present Antigen Absent ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ ENZ Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y ELISA Method Serum (source of Ag) is added to plastic wells Blocking agent added Ab against Ag is added Wash Detecting Ab added Wash Substrate added

  8. Interpretation of Results • Serums of patients tested for the presence of HIV • 1o Ab anti-HIV from mouse • 2o Ab anti-Ab of mouse Control serums + — 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/128 • Conclusions • Patients 1 & 3 are positive for HIV • Patient 3 has a higher titer • Patient 2 is negative for HIV 1/8

  9. Immunochromatography Method

  10. Interpretation Positive NegativeInvalid

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