The Drug Czar

1. The Drug Czar ‘What a Chemistry Minor in College Gets You’ Or ‘You Can’t Beat a Drug Test’

2. Background U.S. Department of Transportation Testing General Chemistry in the Workplace Drug Czar Q+A (I’ve never been stumped) Overview

3. High School College U.S. Navy Northwest Airlines / Delta Air Lines Personal Background

4. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Safety-Sensitive Functions • Pilots • Flight Attendants • Mechanics • Dispatchers • Ground Security Coordinators • Security Screeners • Flight Instructors • Air Traffic Controllers

5. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Safety-Sensitive Functions • Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers (truck drivers) • Hazardous materials operators (pipelines) • Railroad operators (engineers, conductors) • Mass transit (bus drivers, light rail engineers) • Nuclear power plant operators.

6. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Alcohol • Pre-duty and on-duty, prohibited. • Prohibited Classes of Drugs • Marijuana • Cocaine • Amphetamines • PCP • Opiates

7. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Prohibited Classes of Drugs • Marijuana metabolite • Delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC) • 15 ng/mL • Cocaine metabolite • Benzoylecgonine • 150 ng/mL • Amphetamines • Methamphetamine • 500 ng/mL

8. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Prohibited Classes of Drugs • PCP (Phencyclidine) • 25 ng/mL • Opiate metabolites • Codeine, Morphine • 2000 ng/mL • 6acetylmorphine • 10 ng/mL

9. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Point of Collection • Sample volume • 45 mls • Specimen production time • 4 minutes • Specimen temperature • 90 – 100 degrees F • Color / Odor

10. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Laboratory Testing • Validity Testing • Initial Screening (Immunoassay). • Negatives >>> negative (>95%). • Non-negative >>> confirmation process. • Confirmation process. • Gas Chromatography • Mass Spectroscopy

11. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Validity Testing • pH • Normal 4.0 – 9.0. • Specific Gravity (density relative to water) • Normal 1.003 – 1.030. • Creatinine • >20 mg/dl.

12. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Oxidizing & Adulterant Agents • PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate) • UrineLuck (hexa-valent) • Chromax (chromium picolinate – tri-valent) OK. • Glutaraldehyde • UrineAid, Clear Choice

13. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Oxidizing & Adulterant Agents • Nitrites (NO2-) • Klear, Whizzies • Poppers, Huffers (alkyl nitrites, butyl nitrite) • Peroxide • Stealth • Peroxidase and H2O2.

14. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Initial Screening - Immunoassay • Immunoassay – A biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a substance in complex mixture of substances.

15. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Immunoassay – Initial Screening • Antibody – Proteins in your body’s immune system that are used to identify and neutralize foreign objects. • Antigen – A molecule that binds to an antibody. • Basic Idea – Use the body’s immune system to find & identify analytes. • Two Volunteers, please.

16. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Immunoassay – Initial Screening. Use the body’s immune system to find & identify analytes.

17. General Chemistry in the Workplace • Confirmation Testing (GC/MS) • Gas Chromatography • Used to separate different compounds. • Oven. • Mass Spectroscopy

18. U.S Dept of Transportation (DOT) Testing • Urine vs. Hair vs. Oral Fluid ? • Steroids ?

19. Background U.S. Department of Transportation Testing General Chemistry in the Workplace Drug Czar Q+A (I’ve never been stumped) Overview

20. Q+A (I’ve never been stumped)