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This article discusses the challenges in water availability, water management, and water quality in India, and proposes a SMART approach to finding technological solutions. It highlights the role of science and technology interventions in managing demand and supply, and emphasizes the need for sustainable and socially viable solutions. The article also showcases various successful interventions and initiatives in water treatment, integrated water management, water harvesting, and water purification.
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Winning Augmentation and Renovation for WaterA SMART approach to find out technological solutions Dr. Sanjay Bajpai Scientist-G Head, Technology Mission Division (EWO) Department of Science and Technology , Government of India sbajpai@nic.inwww.dst.gov.in
Water Technology Mission Strengthening Research and Innovation Eco-System for affordable and accessible Clean Energy, Water, Air etc through Consultative Problem identification, Call design and bottom up, (selectively top down) proposal mobilisation
Water Challenges facing the Country Water Availability • Low per capita availability • Evaporation loss • Water winning and mining Water Management • Seasonal water availability storage capacity • Surface run-off • Mismatched rates withdrawal and recharging • Non-optimal use in industries and agriculture • River & Wetland management Water Quality • Quality deficit • Water Contamination • Water Salinity • Sea water intrusion
A Role of S&T Interventions Challenges require timely, urgent, cost effective, socially viable and sustainable techno-management solutions customised to socio-economic context Challenges result of several social and managerial conflicts. Solutions would require more tools than what individual disciplines can offer B C S&T can contribute in managing net demand and supply through making research based solutions available to community D S&T can facilitate unbiased holistic assessment of intervention
Approach for finding out SMART Technological Solutions Techno-economic feasibility ,Social viability and Environment Sustainability Analysis for solutions T Rooting the selected solutions with the stakeholders’ involvement R Assessment, adaptation and absorption of technologies in different social context SMART Technological Solutions A Mapping the Challenge and Matching of technological solutions M S Scale, scope and seriousness of the impact on natural resources especially water
BujaBuja - A Sustainable Water Solution Water Treatment Plant installed at BujaBuja Drinking water treatment plant at BujaBuja, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh • 12170 beneficiary population • 3000 families (drinking and domestic water) • 2000 farmers (treated waste water to irrigate) • Sustainability-Each household pays an amount of • Rs 60-90 per month for O&M. • 125 kilo liters per day(KLPD) domestic water • 75 KLPD drinking water • 1 MLD treated wastewater Similar intervention in Mamsapuram and Thirupattur (Tamil Nadu).
Integrated Water Management Awareness Meetings at JhunJhunu Water Harvesting Tanks at Chirawa Complete Pond Site at Vill: Mahrampur Fruit Orchards at Ismailpur PaanibhiSwachtabhi : Toilets for poorest of the poor Transformation of Land from barren to agricultural in Ismailpur Rain Water Harvesting in Kijümetouma
Treating Water naturally : River Bank Filtration (RBF) • Beneficiary population of 61,150 • Unit price of treated water-Rs 1.75 per cubic meter. ( 1/10th of conventional systems) • Reduces reliance on a single source water supply (storage) • 30-60 KLPH safe water at each place. • 15000 families served (drinking and domestic use) RBF wells at Alaknanda in Srinagar and at Augustmuni
Removing Excess Arsenic From Drinking Water AMRIT –Research Culminating into Innovative Product by IIT Madras Dual Stage- zerovalent iron by IIT Bombay Laterite based Arsenic Filter by IIT Kharagpur
Disinfection of Drinking Water A Portable water purifier system & Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based plasma system for water disinfenction Jalkalp for removing biological contamination and iron deployed in state of Bihar
Converting Saline to Fresh Water Creation of Fresh Water Aquifiers in Mewat Region Forward Osmosis (FO) desalination system in Narippaiyur test bed facility Solar- Multi Effect Desalination (MED) System in Narippaiyur, Ramanathpuram, TN Member CGWB and other participants drinking water from the ISP system
Technological interventions in Water Starved Areas Recharge Wells by Dalmia SevaSansthans in Malpura, Rajasthan Mobile water purification unit by CSIR-CSMCRI in Latur City, Marathwada region Rain Water Harvesting by Dalmia SevaSansthan in Govindpura, Rajasthan
Initiatives for Springs, Ponds and Rivers • Revival of Springs in Himalayas for Water Security • Issue: Drying of Springs & deteriorating Water Quality Spring-shed Management. • Activities: Mapping, Data Monitoring, hydro-geological and other revival techniques. Linkage with livelihood, adaptive strategies • Revival of village ponds in different Geo- Environmental conditions in the country • Issues: Reduced recharge, seepage losses, sedimentation • Activities: Water productivity at Micro watershed and Conjunctive use of poor quality water (Catchment area mapping, de-silting, soil conservation, lining material, structural sustenance etc.) Mapping of River Ganga High Resolution Digital Elevation Model and GIS database for River-Ganga and integration with existing datasets for planning and implementation at all levels for identifying drainage network and source of pollutionc
DST Water Programme Achievements • 42 Convergent Solutions • 10 Demand Driven Mission Project • 19 Water Challenges in 365 hamlets in 23 states • Upscaling of 6 proven technologies • 186 Research Endeavours, • 7 Innovation Centers, • 2 Ground Water Quality Monitoring network, • 2 River Water quality monitoring System, • 50 WARI Fellowship, • 2 Indo-French Research Networks • 8 Indo-UK Water Quality Research Consortia
Thank You • Department of Science and Technology (DST) New Delhi