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Against Reason & Education

This article explores the themes of moral ambiguity, cooperation, and the potential for evil in William Hogarth's engravings and Jean Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract. It also examines the influence of familiar settings, manners, and decorum in Hogarth's works, as well as the progression of civilization and educational beliefs in Rousseau's writings.

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Against Reason & Education

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  1. Against Reason & Education

  2. Interdependence • Living closely • Cooperation • Obligation to Society • Manners & Decorum

  3. William Hogarth (1697-1764)

  4. Engraving Detail

  5. Hogarth’s Prints • Inspiration: popular plays and novels • Themes: moral ambiguity, potential for evil, love of public spectacle • Familiar places for setting

  6. Artistic Style

  7. Marriage a la Mode • Plot - Earl of Squanderfield marries off son to alderman • “Written on the walls” • Moral narrative

  8. The Contract – Plate 1

  9. Breakfast Scene – Plate 2

  10. Breakfast Scene - color

  11. Scene with a Quack – Plate 3

  12. The Toilette- Plate 4

  13. The Death of the Earl – Plate 5

  14. Death of the Countess – Plate 6

  15. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) • “God makes all things good, man meddles with them and they become evil” • Social Contract, 1762 • Humans should be forced to be free

  16. Progression of Civilization • Fierce society – looking only for a mate creates bonding • Slowly group together for protection • Civilization • Led to love of society and that society’s esteem • Once man was introduced to other men, that leads to problems

  17. Educational Beliefs • Emile • 5 Stages • Infancy • The Age of Nature (2-5) • Pre-Adolescence (12-15) • Puberty (15-20) • Adulthood (20-25)

  18. Key Thoughts • Children are different from adults. • “The man should be strong and active; the woman should be weak and passive” • “Hands-on experience is essential”

  19. David Hume (1711-1776) • Statements of perception • Statements of logical relationships • Everything else is belief not knowledge

  20. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) • All knowledge begins with experience • Limit of reason regarding morality • Keystone for human conduct

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