The Anasazi and Fremont Peoples

1. The Anasazi and Fremont Peoples The American Indians: Utah’s Natives.

2. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Bell Activity • Your words are “prehistoric” and “culture” • Find the word on your pink study guide and complete the following information for the word. • Find the definition using a glossary. • Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. • Where should your backpack be?

3. Does your work look something like this?

4. Does your work look something like this?

5. Does your work look something like this?

6. Does your work look something like this?

7. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Bell Activity • Your word is “sparse” • Find the word on your pink study guide and complete the following information for the word. • Find the definition using a glossary. • Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. • Where should your backpack be?

8. Does your work look something like this?

9. Does your work look something like this?

10. Content Objective: We will be able to describe the characteristics of the Anasazi and Fremont cultures. Behavior: Participation: Are you on task all or most of the time? Language Objective: We will compare and contrast the Fremont and Anasazi with each other, and with earlier peoples (Paleo, Archaic). Goals for today…

11. Traveling Peoples • Some of the Archaic Indians of Utah left over time. • Others stayed and joined with new people coming from other areas. • These new groups are called the Anasazi and the Fremont.

12. A Food Revolution • Some of these new groups had a new technology that was spreading north from Mexico: agriculture (farming). • So what is the big deal about agriculture? • How do you get your food? - Activity

13. The Anasazi and The Fremont • Agriculture dramatically changes the way these two new groups, the Anasazi and the Fremont, lived. • They were the first people to have permanent settlements and civilization in Utah.

14. The earliest of the two new groups:The Anasazi or Ancestral Puebloans • The Anasazi were the earlier of these two new people to arrive in Utah (300 BCE to 1300 CE). • They lived in the Four Corners regions of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. • They are famous for several different reasons, including their cities, pottery, and petroglyphs (rock art).

15. The Anasazi • The Anasazi did many new things. • They grew corn, beans, and squash. • They made reservoirs to catch water to grow food. • They also made clothes from cotton they grew.

16. Rock Art and Astronomy • Both the Anasazi and the Fremont made petroglyphs, art made by carving or painting on rocks. • Some of these pictures can be decoded, others are still mysterious. • Maybe some of them are a calendar system.

17. Anasazi Baskets • The earliest Anasazi were skilled basket makers. • They used these baskets to carry things in, to store food, etc. • Later, they began to make pottery.

18. Anasazi Pottery • The Anasazi made beautiful pottery with black and white zigzag designs. • Why are so much of the Anasazi pottery archaeologists find broken? • Maybe they were a part of the Anasazi religion.

19. Anasazi Religion • An important part of the Anasazi religion were their kivas. • These type of structures are still used by modern pueblo peoples. • The modern Native Americans believe their creation stories are like those of the Anasazi.

20. Anasazi Apartments • The original Anasazi houses were pit houses, like the one in the picture. • Later, as the Anasazi population grew, they began to build elaborate cities with apartments. • Some of these houses were built into cliff sides. • Modern Pueblo tribes still live in houses like their ancestors, the Anasazi.

21. What happened to the Anasazi? • But just as Anasazi civilization reached its height, it suddenly collapsed. • The amazing cliff houses were abandoned and the people moved away, probably south. • There are many theories about what happened to cause this disaster.

22. Thanks for getting rid of your gum when you came into class! Bell Activity • First: Get out a blank piece of paper and put your name, hour, and the date at the top. The title will be “Fremont Indians of Utah”. • Second: Read "Skeletons tell tale of hard life for earliest Utahns“. • Third: Write 7-10 important details that archaeologists have learned about the Fremont people from the bones they found near the Great Salt Lake. • Fourth: Talk with your group and number the top 5 most important ones. • Finally: Use those details to write a summary of the article. (5-7 sentences; no copying!) • Where should your backpack be?

23. Not long after the Anasazi came to Utah, the Fremont people arrived. • The Fremont had some similarities to the Anasazi, while in other ways they were different. • Not as much is known about the Fremont although they once lived across much of Utah. • Fremont culture existed in Utah from (400 to 1300 A.D.). • We still have a lot of archaeology to do to learn about this native people of Utah.

24. Fremont & Anasazi Timeline

25. Farmers, and sometimesHunters & Gatherers • The Fremont people lived in many different environments, from the marshes west of Logan to the arid Great Basin. • Most of these groups were farmers, but some would farm one year then become hunters & gatherers the next year, depending on the weather conditions.

26. Food Storage • Some Fremont groups went to extreme heights to protect the food they grew. • In some canyons, the Fremont built granaries (food storage bins) high in canyon walls. • How did they climb there? • Why would you build a granary on a cliff?

27. Fremont Villages • The Fremont didn’t build large cities like the Anasazi. • Instead they built small villages of pit houses. • These pits houses had some advantages and some disadvantages.

28. Fremont State Park • We still have a lot to learn about the Fremont. • They have not been as well studied as the Anasazi. • Fremont State Park was created in 1987 to protect one of the largest Fremont villages yet found. • Many more sites, like Range Creek, have yet to be studied by archaeologists.

29. Range Creek: The Wilcox family saved a canyon filled with Fremont sites.

30. Petroglyphs & Pictographs • The Fremont style of rock art is different than that of the Anasazi. • Petroglyph: A picture carved into a rock. • Pictograph: A picture painted onto a rock.

31. The Fremont people made many of the same items that the Anasazi did. • Baskets • Coiled grey pottery • Stone tools • Jewelry • Clay figures

32. The Mystery of the Fremont • Just as with the Anasazi, the Fremont culture disappeared. No one is sure why. • Drought • Climate change • Soil erosion • Invasion by other people • This process did not take place everywhere at once, but eventually all of the permanent cities and villages had been abandoned.

33. Columbian Mammoth

34. Mammoth vs. Elephants

35. American Lion – Extinct, thank goodness