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On the Brink of War

On the Brink of War. Deadly Social Factors Invite War. Four factors led the Imperialist European Powers, in 1914, into one of the greatest, most destructive wars in world history. We have seen these factors at work in other studies. They are still causing problems in today’s world.

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On the Brink of War

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  1. On the Brink of War

  2. Deadly Social Factors Invite War • Four factors led the Imperialist European Powers, in 1914, into one of the greatest, most destructive wars in world history. • We have seen these factors at work in other studies. • They are still causing problems in today’s world.

  3. I. Alliances • Nations joined together to protect themselves from dangerous, militarist powers. • I. Alliances • As alliances got bigger, the chance of war also grew.

  4. Entente: • a loose agreement to follow similar policies. • 1893: France and Russia ally (Entente Cordial) • France fears German aggression against it in Europe and Africa • Russia is concerned about • Germany making closer relations to the Ottoman Empire. • German support of Austria-Hungary against Russia’s ethnic ally, Serbia (Slavic). • 1904, France makes an Entente with Great Britain

  5. III. Militarism: • The glorification of the military. • The industrial countries based their pride and relations with other countries on their military strength. • Germany’s Otto von Bismarck said, that Germany would resolve its international differences with military force, not words. • “Blood and Iron” speech • Arms Race: • Many nations turned industries to producing “high-tech” weapons to intimidate others to give up their own lands and plans. • Nations sent spies to find out about these weapons • Stole plans • Committed sabotage

  6. Alsace and Lorraine: • Territories France lost to Germany in 1871. • France wanted its pride recovered by regaining them.

  7. The Balkans • EC: By the 1910s, events were getting very dangerous in the Balkan region of Europe What are the countries? (7) • Serbia • Montenegro • Albania • Greece • Bulgaria • Romania • Ottoman Empire • (map, p. 353).

  8. Serb Nationalism • In the Austro-Hungarian territory of ________________, the Serb minority was demanding self-rule. • Bosnia-Herzegovina,

  9. A Tragic State Visit • Austro-Hungarian crown prince, _______________________, went to Sarajevo, in Bosnia-Herzegovina, to show the people their ruler. • Archduke Franz Ferdinand, • The Serbian terrorist group,_______________, sent many agents there to try to kill him. • the Black Hand • Gavrilo Princip succeeded in walking up to the archduke’s car and shot Ferdinand and his wife dead.

  10. EC: Chain reaction • Austria-Hungary soon accused _________ of helping the Black Hand. • Serbia • Germany promised Austria-Hungary a __________________ of support if it went to war. • “blank check”

  11. Ultimatum: • a final set of demands. • Austria-Hungary threatened immediate war unless Serbia met its conditions: • Must end all support of anti-Austrian activities and groups. • Must let Austria investigate the incident, in Serbia. • Serbia did not agree to all the demands and Austria declared war, July 1914.

  12. Mobilize: • prepare the military for war. • Germany declared war on Russia when Tsar Nicholas II ordered his troops to get ready to fight Austria-Hungary.

  13. Neutrality: • policy of not supporting any side in a war. • Italy did not immediately join its Central Power allies. • Britain also remained neutral with the Allies. • The United States would trade with both alliances.

  14. A Thrill • Generally, there was much excitement: • Surge of patriotism • Propaganda in each nation said that they were fighting for justice and a better world • Excited youth enlisted • Adventure • Families, friends expected them to

  15. II. Imperialism • Another factor causing WW I. • Industrial nations were jealous of the global lands held by others and looked for weaknesses. • The competition between France and Germany • threatening wars in Africa and • caused the Franco-Prussian War in the 1870s • Britain was worried about Germany • taking more lands in the world and • starting arguments with France and others about territories in Europe. • When one nations controls many other nations, that is called imperialism

  16. IV. Nationalism • Industrial nations believed their own nation was superior to others. This strong emotion is called: • Nationalism (a factor causing WW I) • their culture had the right to control others and the affairs of the planet • Austria-Hungary, • Germany, • Britain, • France • Russia

  17. 1882—the Triple Alliance-- • EC: Germany allied with (2) • Austria-Hungary: • ethnic ally (both countries were Germanic) • Germany was concerned about France wanting revenge for the Franco-Prussian War • Austria-Hungary worried about Serbian nationalists and their support from Serbia and Russia. • Italy • weak ally since it had just been fighting for independence from Austria-Hungary

  18. Britain joins • EC: 1904: Britain signs an agreement with (2) • France • and later Russia: • EC: Entente Cordial becomes the • Triple Entente • Britain is concerned with German aggression in world affairs • It wants to protect the European “balance of power” • (no country is militarily strong enough to intimidate or attack its neighbors).

  19. nationalism • EC: Old empires like ____________ and _________________ were fighting to prevent minority groups from getting independence taking more of their lands. (2) • Austria-Hungary • the Ottoman Empire

  20. nationalism • Newly freed nations like Serbia, supported freedom of Serbians still living on lands in countries like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. • Russia was promoting a movement to protect and unite Slavic people all over Europe. • “Pan-Slavism” • Serbians and Russians are Slavs. • Serbs lived in the southern regions (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia) of Austria-Hungary. • Russia felt it a duty to help Serbs become free.

  21. Deadly Nationalists • EC: Some Serbians formed a terrorist group, • the Black Hand. • They performed sabotage, assassinations, and encouraged the people to rebel. • From Serbia, next door, they got • money, • leadership, • equipment • Russia supported and protected Serbia.

  22. Map Skills, p. 353: • 2. Why would Germany worry about the alliance between France and Russia? • France and Russia bordered Germany on two sides and could attack it from each direction. • 3.Which alliance do you think had the greater military advantage in 1914? • The Allies appear to have a greater advantage. • More troop strength • Surround the Central Powers

  23. Standards Check, p. 353 • What two large alliances took shape before the beginning of WWI • The Triple Alliance, • made up of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary • The Triple Entente, • made up of France, Britain, and Russia.

  24. The Planvon Schlieffen Plan • EC: For several decades, long before WW I, Germany had planned how to fight a rapid war, on two fronts, against …..(2) • France • Defeat them quickly • Russia... • Will mobilize slowly so they will be attacked second. • The Plan

  25. Image, p. 354 • How are the people pictured showing pride in their military? • Watching the parade • Saluting the soldiers on horseback • Waving hats and handkerchiefs

  26. Standards Check, p. 355 • How did international competition and nationalism increase tensions in Europe? • Antagonism and suspicion caused by • Economic competition • Imperialist rivalries • Arms race • Nationalism • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

  27. Biography, p. 355 • How did the Kaiser’s desire for respect influence his policies? • His desire for respect may have driven him to • build up the German military • Win colonies • Best the other European powers economically.

  28. Standards Check, p. 355 • What happened because of the assassination of Francis Ferdinand and his wife? • Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination and took the opportunity to attack Serbia. • Germany backed Austria-Hungary

  29. Chart Skills, p. 356 • Why did the Russians feel that Germany started the war? • Russians might feel that Germany started the war because of their support of Austria-Hungary and eventual invasion of Belgium, which was a neutral country.

  30. Standards Check, p. 357: • How did the alliance system deepen the original conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into a general war? • Alliances drew more and more countries into the war. • Even though it was a regional war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary • France supported Russia • Britain supported Belgium • Anti-German propaganda about atrocities in Belgium…..

  31. Standards Check, p. 357: • Why were young men on both sides eager to fight when World War I started? • Because of a renewed sense of patriotism, people rushed to fight for or support their homelands.

  32. Quick Write • How did the Alliance system cause a regional conflict to grow into a World War?

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