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International Testing and Certification Services Head Office, 4-6 Second Street Bowden, SA 5009 Phone: (08) 8346 8680 Fax: (08) 8346 7072

Clean Energy SystemsStatutory, Regulatory, and Technical requirements of Grid-tied Invertersfor Australian market ITACS Lab Phone: (08) 8346 8680, option 1 Email: itacs@itacslab.com Disclaimer: The slides and the presentation are for information only and cannot be relied on in commercial decisions for your company. The regulations, standards, and market data are all changing quickly and cannot be applied uniform to every enterprise. These have to be analysed at the time, location for your company and your market at your own responsibility.

Requirements for approval to supply energy to a grid Clean energy systems Australian Standards in details ITACS authorities, facilities and licences The process to get a product listed and approved for Australian market International Testing and Certification Services Today’s presentation:

Requirements for approval to supply energy to a grid Inverters must be tested against AS 4777.2 and 4777.3 by an accredited test laboratory Equipment approved by CEC(Clean Energy Council of Australia) An installer accredited by BCSE (Australian Business for Sustainable Energy) Customer signs a retail buyback agreement for the purchase of excess energy. Install an import/export energy meter (Electric Utility)

Clean Energy Council Approved inverters to be marked with an Approval number and a date of testing. The testing date should be less than 5 years old. Approved Grid Connect Inverters and PV modules are suitable for installation under the government rebate programs and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) schemes http://cleanenergycouncil.org.au/ The CEC lists but does not approve inverters - electric utility is responsible for approving inverters used in its jurisdiction.

Clean Energy Council The CEC is a membership based industry association representing the clean energy and energy efficiency sectors. > 300 member companies involved in the development or deployment of clean energy and energy efficiency technologies including wind, hydro, wave and ocean, solar photovoltaic and thermal, bioenergy, solar hot water, geothermal and cogeneration.

Types of energy systems Solar powered PV Array Wind powered Fuel cells Hydro-generators Other types (bio-mass, sea wave, tidal power, etc.) Grid-connected inverters (AS 4777:2005) Portable Inverters (AS/NZS 4763(Int):2006) Types of energy systems

Electric Utilities and Retailers

Australian Standards relevant to Grid-connected inverters Australian Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000:2007 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters AS 4777.1—2005,Part 1: Installation requirements AS 4777.2—2005, Part 2: Inverter requirements AS 4777.3—2005, Part 3: Grid protection requirements AS/NZS 3100:2009, General requirements for electrical equipment AS/NZS 61000.3.3-2003Electromagnetic compatibility - EMC - Limits - Limitation of voltage changes voltage

AS 4777.1, 4777.2 and 4777.3 Second edition 2005; (the 1st was 2002), Revised to: (a2,3) simplify requirements for EMC; (b2) clarify harmonic limits; (b3) clarify the grid performance test including tolerances on test values. (c2) clarify test parameters and tolerances; and (d2) resolve some issues found as a result of application of the Standard. Committee EL-042, Renewable Energy Power Supply Systems and Equipment. ITACS is the only testing lab accredited to test all required clauses of AS 4777.2 & .3 including: AS/NZS 3100, AS/NZS 61000.3.3, AS/NZS 60950 and EMC.

Testing to 4777.2:2005 Grid connection of energy systems via invertersPart 2: Inverter requirements

Testing to 4777.2 4.1 Compliance to AS/NZS 3100 (IR, leakage current, HV, Earthing, cords, mechanical strength, IP??, Temperature rise, Abnormals, GW, NF, Marking, instructions, etc.) 4.2 Compatibility with electrical installation AS 60038. (Voltage 230/400 V, +10%, -6% at point of supply) 4.3 Power flow direction 4.4 Power factor (0.8 leading to 0.95 lagging from 20% to 100% of rated output power, in steps of 10%)*Test described in Appendix A

Testing to 4777.2 Diagram for testing inverters (cl.: 4.3, 4.4, 4.5)

Testing to 4777.2 • 4.5 Harmonic currents. • Test described in Appendix B

Testing to 4777.2 4.6 Voltage fluctuations and flicker AS/NZS 61000.3.3 for equipment rated less than or equal to 16 A per phase; AS/NZS 61000.3.5 for equipment rated greater than 16 A per phase.

Testing to 4777.2 4.7 Impulse protection IEC 60255-5; 0.5 J, 5 kV with a 1.2/50 waveform

Testing to 4777.2 4.8 Transient voltage limits Test described in Appendix C

4.8 Transient voltage limits Test described in Appendix C Testing to 4777.2

Testing to 4777.2 4.9 Direct current injection single-phase inverter, the d.c. output current shall not exceed 0.5% of its rated output current or 5 mA, a 3-phase inverter, the d.c. output current between any two phases or between any phase and neutral, shall not exceed 0.5% of its rated per-phase output current or 5 mA 4.10 Data logging and communications devices AS/NZS 60950.1 Information technology equipment – Safety; Part 1: General requirements

Testing to 4777.3:2005 Grid connection of energy systems via invertersPart 3: Grid protection requirements

Testing to 4777.3 4.1 General (grid protection device) 4.2 Electrical safety (AS/NZS 3100) 4.3 Connection to low-voltage distribution network (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.2) 4.4 Voltage flicker (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.6) 4.5 Impulse protection (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.7) 4.6 Data logging and communications devices (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.10)

Testing to 4777.3 5.3 Voltage and frequency limits (passive anti-islanding protection) (a) Vmin shall lie in the range 200-230 V for a single-phase or 350-400 V for a three-phase system; (b) Vmax shall lie in the range 230-270 V for a single-phase or 400-470 V for a three-phase system; (c) fmin shall lie in the range 45-50 Hz; and (d) fmax shall lie in the range 50-55 Hz. 5.3 Voltage and frequency limits (passive anti-islanding protection)

Testing to 4777.3 Input supply

Testing to 4777.3 5.5 Active anti-islanding protection. The grid protection device shall incorporate at least one method of active anti-islanding protection. shifting the frequency power variation monitoring for sudden changes in the impedance of the grid (current injection)

Testing to 4777.3 Input supply Load (b) or (c)

Testing to 4777.3 (a) the voltage of the electricity distribution network has been maintained within the range Vmin–Vmax for at least 1min, where Vmin and Vmax are as defined in Clause 5.3; and (b) the frequency of the electricity distribution network has been maintained within the range fmin–fmax for at least 1 min, where fmin and fmax are as defined in Clause 5.3; and (c) the inverter energy system and the electricity distribution network are synchronized and in-phase with each other. 5.6 Reconnection procedure

Testing to 4777.3 Input supply

EMC Compliance Electromagnetic Compatibility Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) regulates the EMC industry in Australia. EMC Compliance is mandatory for all electrical electronic products Australian EMC framework based on European style approvals scheme Main difference with the 2 frameworks: Only emissions standards are mandatory in Australia In Australia inverters must be labelled with C-Tick

EMC Compliance Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance is based on self declaration. It is the responsibility of manufacturer/supplier to comply with the mandatory regulations by; Ensuring that products meet the prescribed standards Self declare that the product complies (compliance folder) Label the product (C-tick and C-tick No.) Establish and maintain a compliance folder for up to 5 years after product ceases to be supplied to the market

Applicable EMC Standards Emissions AS/NZS 61000-6-3 (Emissions standard for Residential, Commercial & Light-Industrial Environment) The standard calls: CISPR 16-2-3 for radiated emissions IEC 61000-3-2 for Harmonic IEC 61000-3-3 for Voltage fluctuation and Flicker CISPR 16-2-1 for Conducted disturbance on Mains terminal and DC power port CISPR 22 for conducted disturbances on telecom ports CISPR 14-1 for Discontinuous disturbances

Testing inverters at ITACS One-stop shop for compliance testing of inverters to Australian Standards All required standards, all clauses “Certificate of Approval” Ready for listing by: Clean Energy Council of Australia

Testing inverters at ITACS Lab

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab AC power 3-phase up to 30kVA (var f, var U) Photovoltaic array simulator (14kW, 800V, 22A+)or specially arranged circuits (180A, low voltage) High power loads, resistive, inductive D.S.O. All equipment calibrated to National Standards with traceability

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab AC power 3-phase up to 30kVA (10kVA/phase)

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab Photovoltaic array simulator (14kW, 800V, 22A) or specially arranged circuits (180A, low voltage 12, 24, 48 or similar)

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive Supply transformer 250 kVA Input: 415 V, 3Ø Output: 350 – 1200 V 412 – 120 A

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive 3-phase Load, Resistors & Inductors

Facilities for testing inverters at ITACS Lab Test corner, Temperature chamber,

ITACS Open Area Test Site

Testing inverters at ITACS Lab All equipment calibrated to National Standards with traceability NATA accredited testing lab ITACS can issue “Certificate of Approval” under JAS-ANZ accreditation schedule One-Stop shop for INVERTER testing

International Testing and Certification Services