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[A SSISTIVE ] T ECHNOLOGY A DOPTION AND A BANDONMENT

[A SSISTIVE ] T ECHNOLOGY A DOPTION AND A BANDONMENT. Katherine Deibel Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington, Seattle. AT only helps when it is used 8-75% of AT abandoned after purchase (avg. rate is 35%) Waste of time, funds, and resources for all involved

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[A SSISTIVE ] T ECHNOLOGY A DOPTION AND A BANDONMENT

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  1. [ASSISTIVE]TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ABANDONMENT Katherine Deibel Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington, Seattle

  2. October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World AT only helps when it is used 8-75% of AT abandoned after purchase (avg. rate is 35%) Waste of time, funds, and resources for all involved Learned helplessness and pessimism

  3. OUTLINE • Technology Adoption Overview • Case Study from Peru • Assistive Technology Adoption October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  4. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS Cumulative adoptions Number of adoptions • Everett Rogers, Sociologist • General model of how new ideas and technology spread • Applied to multiple fields • Has adapted to changes in communication technologies October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  5. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS Cumulative adoptions • Communication drives diffusion • S-curves • Early adopters • Change agents October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  6. Awareness of innovation • ADOPTION PROCESS Decision Adopt Interest, motivation, and learning Reject October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  7. ADOPTION PROCESS Full Adoption / Integration Confirmation and finalization Adaptation / Reinvention Implementation, integration, and evaluation Abandonment / Discontinuance October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  8. CASE STUDY: LOS MOLINOS • Promote boiling of water in lowland Peruvian village • Only 11 out of 200 housewives adopted boiling • Classic case of diffusion failure Wellin, 1955 October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  9. CASE STUDY: LOS MOLINOS • Ignored local tradition / culture • Overly focused on early adopters • Failure to identify and influence change agents • Innovation-oriented instead of client-oriented Wellin, 1955 October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  10. AT ADOPTION • Survey studies of adoption and abandonment • Longitudinal studies of AT usage • Models of AT adoption • AT design recommendations • Common findings throughout Additional Studies: Phillips and Zhao (1993); Elkind et al. (1996); Wehmeyer (1995, 1998); Martin and McCormack (1999); Riemer-Reiss and Wacker (2000); Koester (2003); Dawe (2006); Shinohara and Tenenberg (2007); Scherer (2005) October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  11. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Involvement in selection process • Unawareness of what is available • Decision of doctors, experts, or insurance company • Decision of caretakers October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  12. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Cost and Effort • Initial purchase • Physical and cognitive effort of usage • Maintenance / replacement costs • Utility : Cost balance October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  13. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Training • Serious time and effort • Presence of professional support • Need for evidence of gains and improvement October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  14. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Integration • Important tasks and activities • Multiple locales and contexts • Relative advantage October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  15. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Aesthetics and Cosmesis • Looks “institutional” or “handicapped” • Colors • Personal style October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  16. FACTORS IN ATADOPTION • Stigma and Hiding • Social perceptions of disability • Past experiences of ridicule, shame, or trauma • Denial or avoidance October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  17. STIGMA CASE STUDY • Stephen Kuusisto • Blind due to premature birth • Actively disavowed his blindness • Mobility training in his early 30s • Guide dog in his mid 30s October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

  18. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS • Adoption is critical for long-term change • Keep adoption in mind • Growing body of research to consult • More: technology acceptance, diffusion methodologies, etc. Contact Information: Kate Deibel <deibel@cs.washington.edu> October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World

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