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LEVEL OF PREVENTION

LEVEL OF PREVENTION. Aria Gusti Email : aria.psikm@gmail.com Web : http://ariagusti.wordpress.com. Epidemiologi bersandarkan kepada dua konsep penting: 1. Multiple Causation Theory 2. Levels of prevention of health problems. 1. Multiple Causation Theory.

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LEVEL OF PREVENTION

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  1. LEVEL OF PREVENTION Aria Gusti Email : aria.psikm@gmail.com Web : http://ariagusti.wordpress.com

  2. Epidemiologi bersandarkan kepada dua konsep penting: 1. Multiple Causation Theory 2. Levels of prevention of health problems

  3. 1. Multiple Causation Theory “ Pertumbuhan Penyakit tidak bergantung pada penyebab tunggal.”

  4. AGENT • Any element, substance or force, animate or inanimate, presence or absence of which may serve as stimulus to initiate/ perpetuate a disease process. ENVIRONMENT -sum total of all external conditions and influences: Physical, Biological, Socio-economic HOST -any organism that harbors and nourishes another organism -characteristics of host will affect its susceptibility or resistance The Epidemiology Triad (review)

  5. Ketiga elemen dari trias epidemiologi tersebut berinteraksi satu sama lain dalam mempertahankan suatu keseimbangan. • Beberapa perubahan utama pada salah satu dari faktor2 tersebut bisa menimbulkan gangguan dalam akan memprovokasi munculnya masalah kesehatan.

  6. 2. Tingkatan dalam Pencegahan Masalah Kesehatan “Upaya kesehatan promotif dan preventif merupakan bagian dari tugas bidan di masyarakat. Preventif merujuk pada identifikasi masalah2 potensial dan upaya eradikasi atau meminimalisir kecacatan pada suatu populasi berisiko sehingga menjadi NEGATIVE EXPOSURE FACTOR.

  7. Natural history of disease Usual time of diagnosis Onset of symptoms Exposure Pathologic changes Stage of recovery, disability or death Stage of subclinical disease Stage of clinical disease Stage of susceptibility PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION

  8. A. Primary Prevention • Langsung pada populasi yang sehat • Pencegahan emergensi atas faktor 2 risiko • Intervensi sebelum agent menyerang host • Bertujuan untuk memperkuat resistensi host, melumpuhkan agent, memutus rantai penularan • Health promotion activities: pemberian nutrisi yang tepat, penyediaan air bersih yang aman dan sistem pembuangan limbah, vector control, gaya hidup sehat

  9. Natural history of disease Usual time of diagnosis Onset of symptoms Exposure Pathologic changes Stage of recovery, disability or death Stage of subclinical disease Stage of clinical disease Stage of susceptibility PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION

  10. B. Secondary Prevention • Bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola masalah kesehatan yang muncul sedini mungkin • Interventions: screening, case-finding, disease surveillance, prompt and appropriate treatment • Pencegahan penyakit: Pendidikan kesehatan tentang faktor2 risiko dan perilaku sehat berisiko yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan penyakit

  11. Natural history of disease Usual time of diagnosis Onset of symptoms Exposure Pathologic changes Stage of recovery, disability or death Stage of subclinical disease Stage of clinical disease Stage of susceptibility PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION

  12. C. Tertiary Prevention • Menghentikan disability progression • Bidan berupaya mengurangi besaran atau kegawatan dari the residual effects

  13. “ dalam menjelaskan interrelationship dari faktor2 yang menyebabkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, pendekatan epidemiologi digunakan, khususnya EPIDEMIOLOGI DESKRIPTIF.”

  14. Question ?

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