America Moves to the City

1. America Moves to the City Immigrants and Other Decide to Urbanize Chapter 25 Review

2. Consequences of Urban Development • Mass transit in cities • different social groups no longer lived close together • Inadequate water and sewer systems • By the end of the 19c cities • cities built better sewers and supplied purified water • Death rate declined

3. Consequences of Urban Development cont. • Outbreaks of deadly diseases • Crowded tenements • Increasing segregation of social groups by income • Poor treatment of water, sewage, and waste

4. Tenedments

6. Writing About the City • How the Other Half Lives • Jacob Riis portrayal of American Urban Slums • The Shame of the Cities • Lincoln Steffens muckraking novel concerning the poor living conditions in the cities

7. Immigrant Origins • Most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe • Russian Jews escaping religious persecution • Italian peasants • Greeks, Slovaks, and Poles • Unemployed Europeans seeking factory jobs in U.S. cities

8. Ellis Island

10. Immigration Characteristics • most immigrants were unskilled day laborers. • immigrants tended to be Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Jewish. • Chinese immigrants were excluded by law during most of these years

11. Nativist sentiment against the New immigrants • practiced different religions • had different languages and cultures • were willing to work for lower wages than were native born workers • were not familiar with the United States political system

12. Immigration Advocates • Tammany Hall • Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed • Help immigrants adjust to city life • In return for votes and support • poor urban immigrants biggest supporters

13. Immigration Advocates • Settlement Houses (Jane Addams Hull House) • Located in poor working-class and immigrant neighborhoods • Staffed by college-educated, middle-class men and women • Taught English to immigrants • Helped to educate immigrant children

14. Jane Addams

15. Immigration Issues • The American educational system could not absorb the numbers of immigrant children • Chinese Exclusion Law 1882 • Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and forbid further immigration of Chinese • American Protective Association • A Nativist group of the 1890s which opposed all immigration to the U.S

16. Education • Students were to go to school 12 to 16 weeks a year (ages 8-14) • Reading, writing and math • Focused on memorizing, strict punishment • Kindergartens began to serve as a “daycare”

17. 1880 62% of white children attended elementary school 1880 34% of African American children attended elementary school Excluded from public education 1890 - 1% of black teenagers attend high school White v. Black Education

18. Education for Immigrants • Encouraged to get an education • “Americanized” in public schools • Native languages repressed • Adult school to learn English

19. Born a slave Worked towards educating blacks Open Tuskegee Institute for black students Taught self trades so students could gain self-respect and economic security Avoided issue of social equality Booker T. Washington

20. Believed Washington was condemning the black race Harvard- 1st of mixed race to do so Co founded NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1910 W.E.B. Du Bois

21. DuBois • Demanded complete equality for blacks • Went to Africa in self-exile

22. Talking Heads • Create a “talking head” of W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington displaying their different viewpoints in how African American’s in the south should be educated