Sparta Athens: The Greek City-States

1. Sparta & Athens:The Greek City-States A look at the two most dominate city-states of Ancient Greece

2. Sparta and Athens Sparta and Athens were the two most powerful and successful city-states of Ancient Greece. Although they shared many cultural similarities such as religion, language, and ancestry� These two city-states could NOT have been more different!!!!!

3. Sparta Sparta: located in the southern region of Greece known as Peloponnesus Ruled by 500 B.C.E. Sparta was a Military Power Originally ruled by a king Sparta was ruled by Aristocrats (noblemen) by as early as 800 B.C.E. Sparta was an Oligarchy Two Kings ruled jointly, but had little political power. One King led the army Other King conducted religious services

4. Spartan Assembly Assembly: All male citizens over the age of 30 were in the assembly Assembly passed laws and decided questions of war and peace. Ephors: Five men selected by the assembly to head public affairs Council of Elders: Men over 60 years old suggested laws and served on the high court.

5. Three in One The Spartan Government was generally considered an Oligarchy but also had examples of monarchy and democracy: Democracy: All male citizens could be in the assembly The assembly elected individuals to serve a variety of positions. The Council of Elders and Assembly worked together to pass laws. Monarchy: There were two Kings in Sparta. The position of King in Sparta was typically hereditary.

6. Spartan Culture Sparta was a war driven society. From the age of 7 young Spartan boys were taken from their homes and trained for war. The Spartan society did not care for trade or commerce or the arts and sciences. Sparta hated change and limited the travel of its people. Spartan women were given more rights than most Greek city-states.

7. Question What are the advantages and disadvantages to the culture of Sparta? Can you think of any reasons why Spartan culture may have limited Spartan society?

8. The City State of Athens The World�s First Democracy

9. Athens: Location Athens was located close to the coast of the Aegean Sea By 750 B.C.E. an Oligarchy was established Fighting between the rich and poor brought about change

10. Solon: The Steps Toward Democracy In 594 B.C.E. Solon took over rule Solon established a constitution Gave landowners the right to vote in Assembly Assembly very similar to Sparta Solon erased all debt Freed all people who were slaves because of debt Offered citizenship to non-Athenian artisans Ordered every father to teach his son a trade

11. Question? We discussed that almost all Tyrants are poor leaders and evil men, why would this not be the case for Solon?

12. Peisistratus: Took power in 560 B.C.E. His most significant accomplishment: He passed the law stating that a person did not have to be a landowner to be a citizen, therefore, all free Athenians could gain citizenship. Encouraged the arts

13. Cleisthenes: Democracy at Last!! Took power in 508 B.C.E. Created a Democratic constitution. Favored equality and freedom of speech for all people. Opened the Assembly to All males over 20 Appointed 10 Generals (elected from the Assembly) to run the army and navy

14. Cleisthenes: Democracy!!! One of the 10 Generals was named Commander-in-Chief He required all Citizens to educate their sons At seven boys studied math, writing, and music Boys worked on sports and memorized the works of Homer At 18 males could become Citizens

15. Question? How does life in Athens (for young boys) differ from life in Sparta?

16. The Council of Five Hundred Cleisthenes established the Council of Five Hundred This was designed to be a democratic governing system No one could serve on the Council for more then 2 years Council members were chosen by lot eliminating any unfairness.

17. Assignment: Use your Textbook to complete the worksheet and answer questions 1-7 on page 130 You may work in groups of 3.