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Rival City-States: Sparta vs. Athens

Rival City-States: Sparta vs. Athens. Athens and Sparta were probably the two most famous and powerful city states in Ancient Greece. However, they were both very different. Sparta. “Come back with your shield or on it”. Development.

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Rival City-States: Sparta vs. Athens

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  1. Rival City-States:Sparta vs. Athens

  2. Athens and Sparta were probably the two most famous and powerful city states in Ancient Greece. However, they were both very different.

  3. Sparta “Come back with your shield or on it”

  4. Development • Located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula • Conquered neighboring region & took over land • Created militaristicsociety

  5. Spartan Society • 3 social groups • Citizens: descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta (only 5%) • Perioci: free men, paid taxes & served in the army but had no political power • Helots: slaves, greatly outnumbered the other groups; Spartans used force to control them

  6. Government • Founded on the principle that the life of EVERY INDIVIDUALbelonged to the state

  7. Government • Militaristic Oligarchy • Two kings led Sparta • 1 king handled military • 1 king took care of domestic matters

  8. Government • Council of Elders • 28 male citizens over the age of 60 • Proposed laws & served as a criminal court • Assembly • Included all male citizens over age of 30; voted on laws

  9. Military Society • Life revolved around army(no need for walls! Army will defend!) • All men aspired to become soldiers • Newborn infants were examined • Healthy = lived • Sickly = left to die on hillside

  10. Education/Training • Primary purpose was to produce soldiers! • Military training began at age 7 for boys • Became soldiers at age 20 • Served until age 60

  11. Education/Training • Trained to read, write & use weapons • Taught to steal, but not get caught • Harsh training: no shoes, sometimes no clothing

  12. Spartan Women • Life’s ambition was to be a soldier’s mother • Women were expected to be healthy & strong so that they could bear strong children • Trained in gymnastics, wrestling & boxing

  13. Spartan Women • Although they were respected in Spartan society, women COULD NOT participate in government

  14. Impact of Military Society • Exceptional athletes, competed well in the Olympics, & defended Greece against invaders • BUT…

  15. Impact of Military Society • …discouraged trade & shunned philosophy, science, literature, & the arts • No individual freedom • Little economic growth

  16. Athens

  17. Development • Located on the Attica Peninsula (north of Sparta) • Descended from the Mycenaeans

  18. Social Class • Citizens: • All free men born in Athens (50%) • Metics: • Born outside Athens • No land, but paid taxes • Slaves: Captured in war, considered property

  19. Government

  20. Government • Assembly: • Passed laws & decided public issues • ALL free men over the age of 18 could participate • It was considered their public duty

  21. Government • Council of 500 • Drafted & proposedlaws • Oversaw meetings of the assembly • Members chosen by lottery once a year

  22. Government • Ostracism: • If a politician’s name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be EXILED!!!

  23. Education/Training • Only boys were given an education • Entered school at 7; graduated at 18 • Studied arithmetic, drawing, music, gymnastics, rhetoric, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc.

  24. Education/Training • At age 18 men served in the military for 2 years • Ephebic Oath: • Pledge of loyalty to Athens & to good citizenship

  25. Athenian Women • No formal education; learned household duties from mother • Married between 13-15 • Primary purpose was to have children

  26. Athenian Women • Wore clothes to depict their status in society • No legal rights • Could not participate in government, or go to the market or the Olympics

  27. Athenian Legacy • Democracy, philosophy, architecture, drama, art…

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