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Social Studies Unit 3: Ancient Egypt. The Geography. The Red Land was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. The Black Land was the fertile land on the banks of the Nile. A View of Egypt by Satellite. The Fertile Nile Valley. The Annual Flooding of the Nile.
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Social Studies Unit 3: Ancient Egypt
The Geography The Red Land was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. The Black Land was the fertile land on the banks of the Nile
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt 3050 B. C. E. -Pharaoh & a founding father of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Whigs
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramesses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
Hatshepsut • The first woman pharaoh • Responsible for increasing trade and spreading the Egyptian influence • Built a beautiful temple at Thebes
Thutmose III • Became pharaoh after Hatshepsut died • Became wealthy from taxes paid by those conquered • Organized a navy, won victories all over Asia
Thutmose III cont… • Considered military genius by historians • An active expansionist ruler… 16 raids in 20 yrs • 350 cities • First Pharaoh after Thutmose I to cross the Euphrates • Transformed Egypt into an international superpower (Syria to Canaan and Nubia). • Preferred tactic–subdue weaker city one at a time • Enemies were defeated town by town
Tutankhamon (King Tut)1336-1327 B. C. E. • Became pharaoh at nine • Most famous pharaoh • Well known due to tomb found in 1922 by Howard Carter & Lord Carnarvon (in V. of K.) • Died at age 18 • Some theories suggest he was murdered, Nat Geog. suggests infection from broken leg…..?? • Tomb had a curse
Tutankhamon (King Tut)1336-1327 B. C. E. • Curse created a frenzy of the news press due to tablet saying.. “Death will slay with his wings whoever disturbs the peace of the pharaoh” • “Let the hand raised against my form be withered! Let them be destroyed who attack my name, my foundation, my effigies, the images like unto me!” • 26 people present at the opening of the tomb, 6 had died. • 22 people present at the opening of the sarcophagus, 2 died. • 10 people present at the unwrapping of Tut's mummy, none died. • Tut’s trumpet
Ikhnaton • Became pharaoh in 1372 B.C. • Believed the sun god, Aton, was the only god • Took power away from the priests and built new temples • His wife, Nefertiti, and Ikhnaton gave gifts to Aton so his rays of sun would shine
Ramesses II1279-1212 B. C. E. • Often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire • Wielded military power taking Nubia and Canaan • Recorded first peace treaty (in hieroglyphs & Akkadian) with the Hittites • RamessesII Battles Nubia
OLD KINGDOM Thought the pharaohs were gods with complete control Thought only the pharaoh would live forever Pharaohs were buried in pyramids NEW KINGDOM Thought the pharaohs shared their powers with other officials Thought all people would live forever They mummified all people and buried them in tombs in the cliffs Old Kingdom vs. Middle Kingdom
Strong pharaohs ruled, with control of the people of Egypt Strong army Egyptian influence spread down into Africa Schools were built Religion changed Money was spent to build temples, palaces, and statues in the capital city of Thebes The New Kingdom1600 B.C.
Papyrus Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship What number is this?
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Egyptian Creation Myth The Goddess Nut
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus
Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Egyptian Mummies Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E. Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.
The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E.