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Turfgrass Disease Trends in California and the Western United States

Naveen Hyder & Frank Wong Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology University of California, Riverside. Turfgrass Disease Trends in California and the Western United States. Background information. California has the largest turf and landscape industry in the US (approx. 15 billion)

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Turfgrass Disease Trends in California and the Western United States

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  1. Naveen Hyder & Frank WongDepartment of Plant Pathology & MicrobiologyUniversity of California, Riverside Turfgrass Disease Trends in California and the Western United States

  2. Background information • California has the largest turf and landscape industry in the US (approx. 15 billion) • Approx. 950 golf courses in the state of California – 2nd in the US • Not much information available due to lack of turfgrass pathology program since the1990s

  3. Objective • To assess turfgrass disease trends in California and the Western United States based on diagnostic laboratory data • What are the major disease problems? • What are the major hosts? • What are the disease trends over the last four years? • Where should research efforts be focused?

  4. Materials and methods • A sample = 1 cup cutter size plug of plants and soil • For this study 1 data point = one pathogen/plant interaction • Data based on diagnostic samples received • Samples are not evenly distributed throughout the Western United States • Multiple samples from the same location • Data collected from 2006-2009 (present)

  5. Collecting a data point • Microscopic signs >>> incubate up to 24-48 hrs • Isolation from tissue • Leaves, roots and crown on pathogen specific media

  6. Turf Management for Golf Courses 2001 J. Beard

  7. Common turfgrass species used in California and the Western U.S. • Cool Season (C3 Photosynthesis) • Poa annua • Poa trivialis • Agrostis stolonifera • Festuca arundinacea • Festuca rubra • Lolium perenne • Warm Season (C4 Photosynthesis) • Cynodon spp. • Pennisetum clandestinum • Paspalum vaginatum • Stenotaphrum secundatum

  8. Geographic origin(based on # of samples received)

  9. Sources of samples(based on number of samples received)

  10. Most common turfgrass hosts Data based on n= 3,360 diagnosis

  11. Poa annua (Annual bluegrass) diseases trendsTop 5 from 2006 to 2009 • * Total annual bluegrass samples processed • Algae (Cyanobacteria) = Oscillatoria spp. • Anthracnose = Colletotrichum cereale • Brown Ring Patch = Waitea circinata var. circinata • Rapid Blight = Labyrinthula terrestris • Summer Patch = Magnaporthe poae • Michrodochium Patch = Michrodochium nivale

  12. Agrostis stolonifera (Creeping bentgrass) disease trendsTop 5 from 2006-2009 • * Total creeping bentgrass samples processed • Algae (Cynobacteria) = Oscillatoria spp. • Anthracnose = Colletotrichum cereale • Fairy Ring = Various Basidiomycete spp. • Pythium Blight = Pythium spp. • Rhizoctonia Brown Patch = Rhizoctonia solani • Take-All Patch = Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae

  13. Lolium perenne (Ryegrass) disease trendsTop 3 from 2006 - 2009 *Total ryegrass samples processed Anthracnose = Colletotrichum cereale Bipolaris Leaf Spot = Bipolaris spp. Brown Patch = Rhizoctonia solani Curvularia Blight = Curvularia spp. Summer Patch = Magnaporthe poae

  14. Cynodon spp. (bermudagrass) disease trendsTop 3 from 2006 - 2009 • * Total Bermudagrasssamples processed • Spring Dead Spot = Ophiosphaerella narmari / O. korrae • Bipolaris Leaf Spot = Bipolaris spp. • Bermudagrass Decline = Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis • Rhizoctonia Large Patch = Rhizoctonia solani

  15. Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass) disease trendsTop 3 from 2006 - 2009 • *Total Kikuyugrass samples processed • Gray Leaf Spot = Pyricularia grisea • Kikuyugrass Decline = Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis • Rhizoctonia Large Patch = Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2

  16. Conclusions • First effort to summarize data pertaining to turfgrass diseases in the Western United States • California has a unique turfgrass disease profile because of diversity of climate zones within the state • Top research priority should be cool season turf management esp. diseases of annual bluegrass

  17. Future research scope • Use the data base to: • Compare and contrast information with other regions • Correlate disease trends with climatic variations • Correlate disease trends with agronomic practices specific to California

  18. Acknowledgements • GCSAA Environmental Institute of Golf • California State GCSAs • Syngenta Professional Products • Bayer Environmental Sciences

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