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The War at Home

The War at Home. The US Home Front (1941-1945). Industrial & Farm Production. The War Production Board halted non-essential building to conserve materials for war purposes.

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The War at Home

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  1. The War at Home The US Home Front (1941-1945)

  2. Industrial & Farm Production • The War Production Board halted non-essential building to conserve materials for war purposes. • Rationing goods to consumers reached major levels as goods became scarce – gasoline, butter, rubber, shoes, sugar, & meat were rationed.

  3. Industrial & Farm Production • Labor groups made no-strike pledges, but some wildcat strikes broke out, particularly among miners.  • Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943) made it a criminal offense to tie up industry • Except for brief work stoppages, American workers chose not to strike

  4. Industrial & Farm Production

  5. Women in the Workforce • Women joined the armed forces in record numbers, though not in combat roles. Most took clerical jobs in the various branches (WAVES and WAACS). • Women (characterized as "Rosie the Riveter") took many jobs in heavy industry, such as shipbuilding and aircraft production.

  6. Women in the Workforce • Popular opinion opposed women working and some private contractors refused to hire women.  • Office of War Information supported a domestic propaganda campaign to make women's work seem patriotic. • Between 1941 &1945, 6.5 million women entered the work force, a 57% increase.

  7. Wartime Propaganda • As in World War I, the government actually promoted pro-war messages.  • Nazi stupidity became a common stereotype. • Japanese were portrayed as subhuman, partly in response to atrocities committed by the Japanese and partly because of race hatred.

  8. Civil Rights Issues • Many Japanese-Americans were arrested & housed in relocation camps for the duration of the war. • Executive Order 9066 (1942) required the internment and relocation of all Japanese in the Western U.S. • In Korematsu v US(1944), the Supreme Court upheld the relocation on the grounds of military necessity. • Still, 18,000 Japanese Americans volunteered for military service. 

  9. Civil Rights Issues

  10. Civil Rights Issues • African-Americans challenged racial prejudice during the war in several ways:  • Civil rights organizations expanded their membership during the war. • US repudiation of Nazi racism strengthened civil rights efforts • Still, African-Americans were not allowed to serve in integrated units until 1948. 

  11. Civil Rights Issues • Mexican-Americans, particularly in California, faced segregated housing, high unemployment, and low wages. • Young Mexican-Americans, wearing zoot suits, challenged conformity to white standards. • Zoot Suit Riots broke out in Los Angeles in 1943 as servicemen beat Mexican-Americans for four days.

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