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The War at Home

The War at Home. Congress and President control economy. Economy shifts from producing consumer goods to war supplies War Industies Board is Created *Determined what was produced * Set Prices with President’s approval * Controlled flow of raw materials

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The War at Home

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  1. The War at Home

  2. Congress and President control economy • Economy shifts from producing consumer goods to war supplies • War Industies Board is Created *Determined what was produced * Set Prices with President’s approval * Controlled flow of raw materials * Ordered construction of new factories

  3. Conservation measures adopted by Public, Nation • Victory Gardens – raise veggies so more food for troops • Fuel administration to conserve coal and oil • Daylight savings time went into effect • Food Administration (under Herbert Hoover) works to produce/save food

  4. War Economy • Industrial Wages rise; offset by rising costs of food, housing • To prevent strikes, Wilson creates the National War Labor Board to settle disputes • US spends $35.5 billion on war effort • 1/3 paid through taxes, 2/3 borrowed through sale of war bonds aka “Liberty and Victory Bonds” • (CPI) Committee on Public Information created to print pamphlets, speeches to “sell” the idea of war

  5. Anti-immigrant Hysteria • Attacks against immigrants, especially Germany, Austria-Hungary • Suppression of German culture • Espionage Acts- consequences for spying or trying to aid enemy • Sedition Acts- can’t criticize President/government • 1919 Schenck vs US- Supreme Court ruling limited freedom of speech if words constitute a clear and present danger

  6. Social change • Great Migration- large-scale movement of Southern blacks to North to: • Escape Racial Discrimination • Take up new job opportunities • Racial tensions intensify in the North • Women take heavy industry jobs (many volunteer) • Women’s Peace Party founded in 1915 • Suffrage effort…19th amendment passes

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