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JOINT DISORDERS

JOINT DISORDERS. KNOW THESE FOR THE TEST!. Gouty Arthritis = Gout. Urate crystals build up in joints---pain waste product of DNA & RNA metabolism builds up in blood deposited in cartilage causing inflammation & swelling Bones fuse.

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JOINT DISORDERS

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  1. JOINT DISORDERS KNOW THESE FOR THE TEST!

  2. Gouty Arthritis = Gout • Urate crystals build up in joints---pain • waste product of DNA & RNA metabolism • builds up in blood • deposited in cartilage causing inflammation & swelling • Bones fuse http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+history+of+gout&FORM=VIRE1#view=detail&mid=EFC63A25002C3E6AEA8FEFC63A25002C3E6AEA8F

  3. What is gout? Gout is condition characterized by an overload of uric acid in the body and recurring attacks of joint inflammation (arthritis). Chronic gout can lead to deposits of hard lumps of uric acid in and around the joints, decreased kidney function, and kidney stones.

  4. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome • When joints have a range of motion greater than normal • Lax joints can be a liability or beneficial Liability = increase chance of injury Beneficial = help people who play windwood and string instruments 3. A genetic disorder Ehlers-Danlos can cause severe jt. hyper.

  5. Joint hypermobility syndrome is a condition that features joints that easily move beyond the normal range expected for a particular joint Genes that are responsible for the production of collagen are suspected of playing a role. http://uk.t77.net/video/HuZ98wmvwpQ/child-with-hypermobility-bendy-stretchy-double-joints-ehlers-danlos-syndrome-/ Note – there is no such thing as being literally DOUBLE JOINTED!

  6. Joint hypermobility syndrome

  7. Joint hypermobility syndrome Some people use special techniques to change their muscle tone and increase their flexibility. Yoga, for example, can help to relax the muscles and make the joints more supple. Gymnasts and athletes can sometimes acquire hypermobility in at least some of their joints through the exercises they do in training.

  8. Physical characteristics of Synovial Fluid – the normal appearance of a sample of synovial fluid is usually: • Straw colored • Clear • Moderately viscous – drops of it from a syringe needle will form a “string” a few inches long.

  9. (bacteria)

  10. Rotator Cuff = the muscles that • Attach humerus to scapula • Encircle the joint supporting the capsule • Hold head of humerus in socket

  11. Rotator Cuff Muscle Injuries • From falls and pitching

  12. Dislocation = luxation = is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. A dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position. A dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve damage. Common in shoulders, knees, fingers, and jaw

  13. Dislocation

  14. Dislocation

  15. Arthroscopy Examination of the interior of a joint, such as the knee, using a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.

  16. Arthroscopy

  17. Arthroscopy

  18. Arthroscopy and PCR Sample fluid inside joint and check for bacterial or viral DNA to verify and infection (PCR gives a DNA fingerprint) Ex: Lyme disease

  19. Joint Replacement http://edheads.org/activities/knee/index.shtml

  20. Joint Replacement

  21. Joint Replacement

  22. Joint Replacement

  23. Joint Replacement

  24. Joint Replacement

  25. Joint Replacement

  26. Joint Replacement Hip replacements may be cemented or uncemented. If cemented, the hip parts are held in place with a fast-curing "bone cement" made from a type of polymer A titanium hip prosthesis, with a ceramic head and polyethylene acetabular cup. Knees, elbows, and shoulders are the most common

  27. Torn Meniscus

  28. Torn meniscus • As a result of avascularity, a torn meniscus usually doesn't have the ability to heal itself and may promote inflammatory actions that begin to destroy the joint http://goortho.net/videos/meniscus-repair-surgery.shtml http://bones.emedtv.com/meniscus-and-meniscal-tears-video/meniscus-surgery-video.html

  29. Torn Meniscus What happens with a meniscus tear (torn cartilage)?The two most common causes of a meniscus tear are due to traumatic injury (often seen in athletes) and degenerative processes (seen in older patients who have more brittle cartilage). The most common mechanism of a traumatic meniscus tear occurs when the knee joint is bent and the knee is then twisted.

  30. Sprain versus Strain • Sprain • twisting of joint that stretches or tears ligaments • no dislocation of the bones • may damage nearby blood vessels, muscles or tendons • swelling & hemorrhage from blood vessels • ankle if frequently sprained • Strain • less serious injury • overstretched or partially torn muscle

  31. Strain

  32. Bursitis Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa caused by repetitive use, trauma, infection, or systemic inflammatory disease Humans have approximately 160 bursae.

  33. Bursitis treatment • Rest and Protect • Apply an Ice Pack • Take Anti-Inflammatory Medications • Cortisone Injections

  34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lx_774GuTw&feature=related Arthritis= joint inflammation

  35. FACTS & FIGURES ABOUT ARTHRITIS • Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are chronic and disabling, and affect an estimated 40 million Americans. Nearly 50% of persons 65 years of age have arthritis • Arthritis limits the activity of over 7 million people and is second only to heart disease as a cause of work disability. Recent estimates place the direct medical cost of arthritis at $15.2 billion per year, with total costs of medical care and lost wages exceeding $64 billion. Arthritis is another prominent disorder placing persons in nursing homes.

  36. Findings indicate that persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are significantly less active than the populations as a whole. The rates of physical activity among people with arthritis may be lower because of the mistaken recommendations in the past that they should not exercise because it would damage their joints. • The research indicated that persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions were significantly more likely to report no leisure time physical activity at all, and had significantly lower rates of vigorous physical activity.

  37. What is arthritis?  Arthritis is a general term that refers to the degeneration or inflammation of a joint. Arthritis can cause pain, stiffness and swelling in joints and other connective tissues.

  38. What are the most common types of arthritis? Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

  39. Osteoarthritis (due to aging) • Referred to as a degenerative joint disease (wear and tear with aging and use) • Usually affects the hands and large weight-bearing joints of the body, such as the knees, hips and ankles • Osteoarthritis in the knees has been linked to being overweight. • Osteoarthritis in the hips or hands may be caused by heredity

  40. Rheumatoid arthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease(a condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them) • that causes inflammation in the joints. • Signs of rheumatoid arthritis include swelling in three or more joints, swelling of the hands or wrists, bumps under the skin and morning stiffness.

  41. Rheumatoid arthritis generally occurs in a symmetrical pattern. • The disease often affects the wrist joints and the finger joints closest to the hand. It can also affect other parts of the body besides the joints. • In addition, people with the disease may have fatigue, • Another feature of rheumatoid arthritis is that it varies a lot from person to person.

  42. How Rheumatoid Arthritis Develops And Progresses • In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system, for unknown reasons, attacks a person's own cells inside the joint capsule. • White blood cells that are part of the normal immune system travel to the synovium and cause a reaction. • This reaction, or inflammation, results in the warmth, redness, swelling, and pain that are typical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

  43. http://www.bextra.com/utilities/flash_window.asp?movie=Rheumatoid.swf&width=480&height=360&ptitle=What+is+rheumatoid+arthritis+animationhttp://www.bextra.com/utilities/flash_window.asp?movie=Rheumatoid.swf&width=480&height=360&ptitle=What+is+rheumatoid+arthritis+animation

  44. Rheumatoid arthritis

  45. During the inflammation process, the cells of the synovium grow and divide abnormally, making the normally thin synovium thick and resulting in a joint that is swollen and puffy to the touch . • As rheumatoid arthritis progresses, these abnormal synovial cells begin to invade and destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint.

  46. The surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons that support and stabilize the joint become weak and unable to work normally. • All of these effects lead to the pain and deformities often seen in rheumatoid arthritis.

  47. What are the warning signs of arthritis? •Swelling in one or more joints. •Early morning stiffness. •Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint. •Inability to move a joint normally. •Obvious redness or warmth in a joint. •Unexplained weight loss, fever or weakness combined with joint pain.

  48. Long-term treatment of arthritis • Weight Reduction- Excess pounds causes extra weight to be placed on weight-bearing joints. • Exercise- Swimming, light walking, water aerobics and range-of-motion exercises may reduce pain and stiffness. • Surgery- In select patients, surgery may help provide relief from pain. The surgeon may realign the joint or replace the damaged joint with an artificial one.

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