Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics (Edinburgh, 20-22 November 2006)

1. www.capmas.gov.eg Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics(Edinburgh, 20-22 November 2006) Migration Statistics Situation in Egypt Prepared by Madiha A. Saleh National Coordinator for MEDSTAT II MigrationCAPMAS - Egypt

2. Introduction www.capmas.gov.eg

3. www.capmas.gov.eg Up to the second half of the last century, emigration was completely unimportant. Egypt was known as a closed country, with the exception of a very small number of permanent emigrants to Canada, USA, Europe and Australia. At that time, the number of Egyptian emigrants had no impact on population trends.

4. www.capmas.gov.eg However, since the early 1970s, an increase and continuous flow of Egyptian emigrants has emerged, consisting mainly of workers and their families, to the Arab-oil countries, and the adoption of many of these countries ambitious plans for development. Emigration of labour resulted in significant economic and social effect on the Egyptian society.

5. www.capmas.gov.eg The Egyptian constitution guarantees each citizen the right of permanent migration. Law No. 11 of 1973 defines each of the permanent and temporary migrations as follows:

6. Permanent or Life Time Migration www.capmas.gov.eg • The second article states that an Egyptian is considered a permanent migrant if he establishes permanent residence outside the country and acquires the nationality of a foreign country or either obtains a permit for permanent settlement, stays in it for a period not less than 10 years or obtains a permit for migration from the country of destination.

7. Temporary Emigration www.capmas.gov.eg • Item three of the above mentioned law defines a temporary emigrant as an Egyptian who is not studying or on sabbatical leave or foreign duty, who makes his usual place of residence abroad, and holds a job to earn a living even if more than a whole year passes on his stay abroad

8. Migration Data Sources in Egypt www.capmas.gov.eg

9. www.capmas.gov.eg The Central Agency for public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), as the official National Statistical Office, undertakes the main role in collecting, evaluating, analyzing and disseminating migration statistics through censuses ,sample surveys, administrative records, border cards and residence and work permits.

10. www.capmas.gov.eg • The data published by censuses about foreigners are the major source of statistics on immigration and emigration. Nevertheless, Egyptian censuses, conducted during the past century, did not collect the basic data necessary for studying this phenomenon such as place of arrival and departure, and the times of these movements. They presented data on resident foreigners in the country that varied in degree of detail and coverage from one census to another. 1. Egyptian Population Censuses

11. (cont.) 1. Egyptian Population Censuses www.capmas.gov.eg • In 1976 and 1986 censuses, there was a migration module to be asked about individual of household abroad and the result wasn’t sufficient responses. So, it was formed a committee from CAPMAS, Ministry of Manpower & Migration and Ministry of Interior to estimate Egyptian abroad. The estimated number were 1.425 million Egyptian emigrants in 1976 census and 2.250 million Egyptian emigrantsin 1986 census. • The running census (Nov. 2006), include a short module on Egyptians residing abroad aiming at estimating the wholly-moving households by enquiring relatives and neighbours . In addition to migration module of the 1986 census.

12. Short module of Egyptians residing abroad- Census Nov. 2006 www.capmas.gov.eg

13. www.capmas.gov.eg 2. Field survey Field survey is considered as the second emigration data source. It can be used to collect more detailed emigration data such as, emigrants characteristics (age, sex, education, occupation,….etc) as well as the reasons, impacts and motivations of emigration and emigration remittances

14. www.capmas.gov.eg (cont.) 2. Field survey The first statistical sample study on emigration was carried out by National Population Council in 1984. This study was followed by two External Migration Surveys conducted by CAPMAS. The first survey was in 1987 in collaboration with ILO, funded by UNFPA. The second panel survey was in 1997 jointly with European Union. The household survey on Push and Pull factors of International Migration was carried by Cairo Demographic Center in collaboration with CAPMAS, jointly with the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI) in 1997.

15. www.capmas.gov.eg 3. Administrative records Border Cards Residence and Work Permits. The Departure& Arrival Movements from passports, emigration& nationality agency in the Ministry of Interior.

16. www.capmas.gov.eg Migration Statistics Publication

17. (1) Annual Bulletin of Permanent Egyptian Emigrants www.capmas.gov.eg • The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) began to produce the Annual Bulletin of Permanent Egyptian Emigrants. Issued annually starting from 1962. It aims to estimate the size and trend of emigrants and who were acquired migrant status according to their qualifications, occupation, specialists, and country of destination.

18. www.capmas.gov.eg • The number of Egyptian permanent emigrants amounted to 103387 individuals during the period (1962-2005), of whom 39577 were of original status. The number of those who acquired emigrants status was 63810 individuals. It should be noted that this number did not represent all emigrants abroad but only those who migrated and acquired emigrant status after 1962. Furthermore, these data included only emigrants who departed through legal channels.

19. (2) Annual Bulletin of Temporary Migration of Egyptian abroad Temporary emigration represented the major part of the population movement outside the country especially after the remarkable increase in oil price on the heels of the October 1973 war. Opinions varied around the number of Egyptian abroad during this period. This is due to the lack of a methodological scientific basis for monitoring population movements and the estimation of its size in Arab oil producing countries. www.capmas.gov.eg

20. www.capmas.gov.eg (3) Estimates of Egyptian Emigrants Ministries concerned with labor force and emigration affairs such as those of Labor force, Foreign Affairs, Emigration and Affairs of Egyptian Abroad and the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics made estimates of number of Egyptian emigrants. These estimates ranged from 2.250 million Egyptian emigrants in the preliminary results of the 1986 population census to more than 3 to 5 million as announced by some ministries.

21. (4) Bulletin of Foreign Employees in Government & Public Business Sectors www.capmas.gov.eg • Issued every two years starting from 1997. The data did not include military experts. It aims to estimate: - The size and characteristics of foreign employees working in Egypt at the Government and Public& Business sectors. - The trend of foreign employees according to their nationalities, qualification, occupation, duration of contract and work permits.

22. (cont.) (4) Bulletin of Foreign Employees in Government & Public Business Sectors www.capmas.gov.eg • The data collected through form prepared to collect data from all Government and Public& Business sectors in Egypt. And the data of foreign work permits issued by Labor force Branches and Specialized Offices in the Ministry of Manpower and Migration.

23. Strengths and constraints in the methodology applied by CAPMAS in estimating annual outflows www.capmas.gov.eg

24. www.capmas.gov.eg • It is worthy to mentioned that Census is the main source of migration data. • It depends on totally coverage of the population conducted every ten years. • In the running census , It is planned to capture data about the wholly emigrated households.

25. www.capmas.gov.eg • CAPMAS Produce the annual estimates of Egyptian emigrants based on data of: • work permits from the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Manpower and Migration • Border Cards, Departure & Arrival movement from Passports, Emigration& Nationality Agency in the Ministry of Interior. • This estimate don’t include all Egyptian abroad but only those who emigrated and acquired emigrant status after 1962. Furthermore, these data included only emigrants who departed through legal channels.

26. Challenges for developments in measuring emigration and remittance www.capmas.gov.eg

27. www.capmas.gov.eg • We need to conduct Training Programmes to improve the design and content of forms used to collect data on migration and the definitions of internationally recommended migration indicators and methods of estimation, including the recommendations of the research project THESIM.

28. www.capmas.gov.eg • CAPMAS is seeking technical and financial assist toadopt emigration and remittance module prepared by ILO, on the labour force sample survey which is conducted by CAPMAS in four rounds annually. The sample size for each round reached about 21000 household (Annually covers 84000H.H) . It covers all governorates inEgypt. • CAPMAS is seeking technical and financial support to conduct the next round of External Migration survey which was conducted in 1997.