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French Revolution

French Revolution. French Revolution 1789. Main Idea- Economic & Social in the Old Regime helped cause the French Revolution Why it Matters Now- Throughout history Economic & Social Inequalities have led people to revolt against their governments. Setting the Stage.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. French Revolution 1789 Main Idea- Economic & Social in the Old Regime helped cause the French Revolution Why it Matters Now- Throughout history Economic & Social Inequalities have led people to revolt against their governments

  3. Setting the Stage • 1700’s –France is the most advanced country in Europe • Great unrest caused by high prices, taxes, & questions raised by the Enlightenment ideas of Rousseau & Voltaire

  4. The Old Regime • -system of feudalism left over from the Middle Ages • Social classes are called Estates • Privileged estates • 1st- Roman Catholic Church • 2nd Nobles • Third Estate- 98% pop. • 1st Bourgeoisie – merchants & artisans • 2nd- Workers, cooks, servants ect. • 3rd 80% -Peasants- half their money went to taxes

  5. The French Monarchy:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  6. Forces of Change • Enlightenment Ideas • Equality, Liberty, and Democracy • Success of the American Revolution • “ Power lies with the People” • Economic problems • Crop failures(Harsh Winter), Bad leadership (LouisXVI), & his Wife Marie Antoinette spent money on luxury • As a result France was going Bankrupt, he needed money • The 2nd estate made him call a meeting of the Estates General May 5, 1789 the first in 175 years for Tax reform

  7. Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

  8. The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate

  9. The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  10. “The Third Estate Awakens”

  11. Revolution • The National Assembly (NA) • Under old rules each estate had 1 vote • 1&2 would always out vote the poorer 3rd • Abbe Sieyes argued “What is the 3rd estate ? EVERYTHING” • They formed the (N A), Abolishing the king • The next day they were locked out • They broke down the door & pledged to stay(Tennis court oath)

  12. “The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

  13. Storming the Bastille • The King sensed trouble, ordered the 1&2 to join the N A, at the same time he sent his SWISS Guard to Paris because he did not trust his own army, • The people said foreign troops were coming to kill French, they stormed the Bastille to get gun powder, • This is National Holiday

  14. The Radical Phase

  15. The National Convention • The Decree of Fraternity* it offered French assistance to any subject peoples who wished to overthrow their governments. When France sneezes, all of Europe catches cold!

  16. The First Coalition &The Brunswick Manifesto Duke of Brunswick if the Royal Family is harmed, Paris will be leveled!! 1792-1797 FRANCE AUSTRIAPRUSSIABRITAINSPAINPIEDMONT

  17. French Soldiers & the Tricolor:ViveLe Patrie!

  18. The Storming of the Tuilieres:August 9-10, 1792

  19. The September Massacres, 1792 • Buveurs de sang [“drinkers of blood.”] • Over 1,000 Parisians killed!

  20. The Jacobins Jacobin Meeting House

  21. A Jacobin Club Meeting

  22. The Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working Class

  23. The Sans-Culottes Depicted as Savages by a British Cartoonist.

  24. Committee for Public Safety • Revolutionary Tribunals. • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed.

  25. Maximillian Robespierre(1758 – 1794)

  26. Georges Jacques Danton(1759 – 1794)

  27. Jean-Paul Marat(1744 – 1793)

  28. The Assassination of Maratby Charlotte Corday, 1793

  29. The Assassination of Maratby Charlotte Corday • (Paul Jacques Aimee Baudry, 19c)

  30. “The Death of Marat”by Jacques Louis David, 1793

  31. The Levée en Masse:An Entire Nation at Arms! – 500,000 Soldiers An army based on merit, not birth!

  32. The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.-- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day!

  33. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939.

  34. Louis XVI’s Head (January 21, 1793)

  35. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

  36. Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793

  37. War of Resistance to the Revolution, 1793

  38. Vendée Revolt, 1793 Drowning the Traitors!

  39. The Contrast:“British Liberty / French Liberty”

  40. The Contrast:“French Liberty / British Slavery”

  41. Religious Terror:De-Christianization (1793-1794) • The Catholic Church was linked withreal or potential counter-revolution. • Religion was associated with theAncien Régime and superstitiouspractices. • Very popular among the sans-culottes. • Therefore, religion had no place in arational, secular republic!

  42. The De-Christianization Program The adoption of a new Republican Calendar:* abolished Sundays & religious holidays.* months named after seasonal features.* 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day decades.* the yearly calendar was dated from the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792] The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!

  43. The De-Christianization Program The public exercise of religion wasbanned. The Paris Commune supported the:* destruction of religious & royal statues.* ban on clerical dress.* encouragement of the clergy to give up their vocations. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the “Temple of Reason.” The deportation of priests denounced bysix citizens.

  44. The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, Become the goddess of the French people.

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