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Understanding ATP: The Energy Currency of Life

Discover the role of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as an energy donor in cells. Learn about the structure of ATP, how energy is released through hydrolysis, and its role in cellular processes. Explore the importance of ATP in energy storage and the significance of carbohydrates and fats as long-term energy sources. Uncover the process of photosynthesis and how plants capture sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Delve into the biochemical pathways and reactions involved in photosynthesis, including light absorption, chloroplast functions, and the Calvin cycle. Gain insights into the intricate mechanisms that drive life processes through energy conversion.

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Understanding ATP: The Energy Currency of Life

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  1. ATP Why do we use it for Energy?

  2. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Consists of Adenosine + 3 Phosphates • Highly unstable molecule • 3 phosphates each highly negative repel each other (like the wrong end of a magnet) each phosphate is surrounded by very negative oxygen atoms. • Hence a phosphate group is removed through hydrolysis energy is released (-7.3 kcal/mole) and breaks down into the more stable molecule ADP.

  3. ATP: Pictures Where does the Negativity come from? Oxygen I thinkhe’s a bitunstable…don’t you? Oxygen

  4. ATP / ADP cycle + Pi ATP • Can’t store ATP • good energy donor, not good energy storage • too reactive • transfers Pi too easily • only short term energy storage • carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage cellularrespiration 7.3 kcal/mole ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa!Pass methe glucose (and O2)!

  5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS . Chemosynthesis

  6. Plants take H2O, Sun, and CO2 to make Glucose the sugar that they use for food and O2 too!

  7. CAPTURING THE ENERGYIN LIGHT • The process by which organisms obtain energy directly from sunlight is called photosynthesis. • 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  8. ENERGY FOR LIFEPROCESSES • Autotrophs: Plants, Algae, and some Bacteria. • Autotrophs store energy in various organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates.

  9. Photosynthesis involves a complex series of chemical reactions: • Biochemical Pathway • Products used in cellular respiration. How it was Discovered

  10. Photosynthesis

  11. LIGHT ABSORPTION INCHLOROPLASTS • Light Reactions or Light Dependent Reactions • They begin with the absorption of light in chloroplasts.

  12. LIGHT AND PIGMENTS

  13. chlorophylls accessory pigments carotenoids Chromatography

  14. CHLOROPLASTS

  15. RESTORING PHOTOSYSTEM II

  16. Light Dependent Reaction

  17. CHEMIOSMOSIS

  18. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Review of the Light Reaction With All Details!

  19. LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS • KNOWN AS THE CALVIN CYCLE. • CO2 IS FIXED INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: CARBON FIXATION. • THREE MAJOR STEPS, WHICH OCCUR WITHIN THE STROMA. How do Plants Capture CO2? Calvin Cycle

  20. RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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