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ATP. Why do we use it for Energy?. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate. Consists of Adenosine + 3 Phosphates Highly unstable molecule 3 phosphates each highly negative repel each other (like the wrong end of a magnet) each phosphate is surrounded by very negative oxygen atoms.
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ATP Why do we use it for Energy?
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Consists of Adenosine + 3 Phosphates • Highly unstable molecule • 3 phosphates each highly negative repel each other (like the wrong end of a magnet) each phosphate is surrounded by very negative oxygen atoms. • Hence a phosphate group is removed through hydrolysis energy is released (-7.3 kcal/mole) and breaks down into the more stable molecule ADP.
ATP: Pictures Where does the Negativity come from? Oxygen I thinkhe’s a bitunstable…don’t you? Oxygen
ATP / ADP cycle + Pi ATP • Can’t store ATP • good energy donor, not good energy storage • too reactive • transfers Pi too easily • only short term energy storage • carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage cellularrespiration 7.3 kcal/mole ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa!Pass methe glucose (and O2)!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS . Chemosynthesis
Plants take H2O, Sun, and CO2 to make Glucose the sugar that they use for food and O2 too!
CAPTURING THE ENERGYIN LIGHT • The process by which organisms obtain energy directly from sunlight is called photosynthesis. • 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
ENERGY FOR LIFEPROCESSES • Autotrophs: Plants, Algae, and some Bacteria. • Autotrophs store energy in various organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis involves a complex series of chemical reactions: • Biochemical Pathway • Products used in cellular respiration. How it was Discovered
LIGHT ABSORPTION INCHLOROPLASTS • Light Reactions or Light Dependent Reactions • They begin with the absorption of light in chloroplasts.
chlorophylls accessory pigments carotenoids Chromatography
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Review of the Light Reaction With All Details!
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS • KNOWN AS THE CALVIN CYCLE. • CO2 IS FIXED INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: CARBON FIXATION. • THREE MAJOR STEPS, WHICH OCCUR WITHIN THE STROMA. How do Plants Capture CO2? Calvin Cycle