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History: A Thing of the Past?

History: A Thing of the Past?. A

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History: A Thing of the Past?

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  1. History: A Thing of the Past?

  2. A Seville is voluptuous and evocative. It has to be seen, tasted and touched. The old quarter is Seville as it was and is. Walk in its narrow cobbled streets, with cascades of geraniums tumbling from balconies and the past shouts so loudly that one can almost glimpse dark-cloaked figures disappearing silently through carved portals. B The blood vessels of the circulatory system, branching into multitudes of very fine tubes (capillaries), supply all parts of the muscles and organs with blood, which carries oxygen and food necessary for life. C Proud mum in a million Natalie Brown hugged her beautiful baby daughter Casey yesterday and said: “She’s my double miracle.” TEXT DETECTIVES purpose audience register structure syntax lexis morphology

  3. Old English:What – who – when?Celtic & LatinRunes

  4. Influence of Invasions:Latin loansViking loans

  5. Middle English: 1066:What happened?Rise of FrenchHow did English fight back?

  6. Middle English: Why does spelling change?How does it change?

  7. Origins of standard English: What different dialects emerge?Which become most dominant and why?What’s the Great Vowel Shift?

  8. History: A Thing of the Past?

  9. Language Changein Pictures An ‘Old Mr B’ Masterpiece

  10. Old English: Marginalising the Celts

  11. Old English: Runes

  12. Old English: Alphabet

  13. Old English: Sample

  14. Old English: Christian Missionaries (597)

  15. Old English: Vikings Invade (787)

  16. Middle English: Normans

  17. Middle English: Normans

  18. Law and government: • attorney, bailiff, chancellor, chattel, country, court, crime, • defendent, evidence, government, jail, judge, jury, larceny, noble, • parliament, plaintiff, plea, prison, revenue, state, tax, verdict • Church: • abbot, chaplain, chapter, clergy, friar, prayer, preach, priest, • religion, sacrament, saint, sermon • Nobility: • baron, baroness; count, countess; duke, duchess; marquis, marquess; • prince, princess; viscount, viscountess; noble, royal • (contrast native words: king, queen, earl, lord, lady, knight, kingly, • queenly) • Military: • army, artillery, battle, captain, company, corporal, • defense,enemy,marine, navy, sergeant, soldier, volunteer • Cooking: • beef, boil, broil, butcher, dine, fry, mutton, pork, poultry, roast, • salmon, stew, veal • Culture and luxury goods: • art, bracelet, claret, clarinet, dance, diamond, fashion, fur, jewel, • oboe, painting, pendant, satin, ruby, sculpture • Other: • adventure, change, charge, chart, courage, devout, dignity, enamor, • feign, fruit, letter, literature, magic, male, female, mirror, • pilgrimage, proud, question, regard, special Middle English: Normans

  19. WORD PAIRS Middle English: Normans

  20. Middle English: Dialects

  21. Powerful texts (Chaucer, et al) written in Essex dialect • London emerging as political and commercial centre: chancery and scribes • Arrival of printing press Middle English: Rise of standard form

  22. Middle English: Great Vowel Shift • Changes affected the long vowels • Happens over 200 years • Creates more disjuncture between spelling and pronunciation

  23. 1476: Caxton • Standardisation gains momentum • 20,000 books in next 150 years • Location: Westminster • Caxton learns printing techniques in Cologne Early Modern English: Printing

  24. Tyndale: 1525: vernacular English • Gives the Bible a popular voice • King James 1611 becomes the ‘authorised’ version Early Modern English: Bibles

  25. Caxton to 1650 • Science, medicine, arts, travel • Eg – loan words from Portugese … Modern English: Renaissance

  26. Modern English: Renaissance

  27. Modern English

  28. Learned discourse no longer confined to elite circles: now routinely published in English • In 1660s Royal Society argues that prose used by scientists should be ‘stripped of ornamentation and emotive language. It should be plain, precise and clear. The style should be non-assertive’. Modern English: 17thC

  29. Urge to ‘fix’ the language • Standardisation of punctuation • Cleansing of vocabulary • Rise of prescriptive grammars • Rise of public schools (elocution) Modern English: 18thC

  30. Physics: calorie, electron, relativity Chemistry: creosote, cyanide, radium Psychology: schizophrenia, extrovert, inferiority complex Space science - lots of new compounds: countdown, blastoff spacecraft Similar impact since 1899 (cinema) of the media generally Modern English: 19thC/20thC

  31. Modern English: Now • Slang • Americanisation • Advertising • Pidgins • ICT

  32. Language Changein Pictures An ‘Old Mr B’ Masterpiece

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