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Ocean Climate Laboratory Team/NODC

THE WORLD OCEAN DATABASE PRESERVING AND DISSEMINATING OCEAN SUBSURFACE PROFILE DATA TO UNDERSTAND OUR CHANGING OCEAN. Ocean Climate Laboratory Team/NODC. World Ocean Database (WOD).

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Ocean Climate Laboratory Team/NODC

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  1. THE WORLD OCEAN DATABASE PRESERVING AND DISSEMINATING OCEAN SUBSURFACE PROFILE DATA TO UNDERSTAND OUR CHANGING OCEAN Ocean Climate Laboratory Team/NODC

  2. World Ocean Database (WOD) A quality controlled collection of ocean profiles, plankton tow , and ship-based surface measurements from 1772-present.

  3. Instrument types in WOD Variables in WOD • 1) temperature • 2) salinity • 3) oxygen • 4) phosphate • 5) nitrate • 6) nitrate + nitrite • 6) silicate • 5) chlorophyll • 6) pH • 7) alkalinity • 8) pCO2 • 9) TCO2 • Plankton • 11) CFCs 11, 12, and 113 • 12) Tritium • 13) Helium (noble gas) • 14) ΔHe-3 (isotope) • 15) ΔC-13 (isotope) • 16) ΔC-14 (isotope) • 17) Argon (noble gas) • 18) Neon (noble gas) • 19) O-18 (isotope) • 20) Beam Attenuation Coefficient (transmissivity) 1) Station Data (bottles, thermometers) 2) CTD 3) XBT 4) MBT 5) Towed CTD 6) Profiling Floats 7) Drifting buoy (thermistor chains) 8) Moored buoy (e.g., TAO, PIRATA TRITON) 9) Autonomous Pinniped (instrumented elephant seals) 10) Gliders Blue: Quality control beyond automatic checks

  4. WOD by Instrument Type

  5. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984] Abraham et al., 2013

  6. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984] Abraham et al., 2013

  7. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT 1985 : XBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984] Abraham et al., 2013

  8. Temperature Data During Peak of Different Observing Systems 1934 : Nansen Cast 1960 : MBT 1985 : XBT Red=Nansen Cast /CTD[1890s/1964] Light Blue=MBT [1939] Dark Blue=XBT [1967] Green=Argo float [2001] Orange=Tropical buoy [1984] 2009 : Argo Abraham et al., 2013

  9. Measurements vs. Depth WOD13 Depth (m) Depth (m) Green – Temperature Red – Salinity Yellow – Silicate Pink - Chlorophyll

  10. World Ocean Database • Contains contributions from national data centers, universities, special projects, fisheries, navies, government agencies, individual scientists, merchant ships etc. • Data found on internet, index cards, glass slides, outdated computer media, published cruise reports, etc. • Original data must be accessible in the NODC archive/permission must be obtained for all data

  11. Data from international projects Left: GEOSECS bottle and CTD data (1972-1979) Right: WOCE CTD data (1990-1998)

  12. Data from universities, fisheries Left: Bottle data from Hokkaido University (Japan) (1962-1994) Right: Temperature Data from US National Marine Fisheries (1964-1997)

  13. Data Archeology and Rescue Cruise Reports found: Red/Yellow: Library of University of Tromso, Norway Blue: Public Library, St. Petersburg, Russia Green: Public Library, New York City, USA (in part)

  14. Data Archeology and Rescue Nansen’s Arctic expedition, 1893-1896 Fram (1892 – 1912) Trial cruise Photo: wikipedia Amundsen’s South Pole expedition, 1910-1912 * No data from Sverdrup’s Canadian Archipelago expedition (1898-1902)

  15. Data Archeology and Rescue 0. Find digital data source × Locate cruise report  Scan Document  2. Digitization: Double Key Entry Crowd sourcing? 3. Enter into WOD

  16. Data Archeology and Rescue Iterative Process HMS Challenger data in WOD – digitized from UK HydroOffice Index cards. J. Gould digitized from Challenger cruise report – is preparing to supply to NODC: more casts?

  17. Are there still data to be rescued? WOD09: 20,886 bottle/CTD casts in the Sea of Okhotsk WOD13: 29,160 bottle/CTD casts in the Sea of Okhotsk April, 2014 update: 43,554 bottle/CTD casts in the Sea of Ohkotsk 22,886 casts added, mostly from the Russian Far East Institute Years for which data were added: 1803-2013

  18. Are there still data to be rescued? From Jim Hannon, Sippican Inc. email Aug. 7, 2002 ‘To date, nearly 7 million [XBTs] have been produced’ ‘On 10 December 1972, Sippican produced its 1,000,000 XBT’ In WOD: 1.99 million XBTs dated Aug. 7, 2003 or prior 0.28 million XBTs dated Dec. 10, 1973 or prior Drops to Aug. 7, 2003 Red Sippican Estimate Green in WOD

  19. RRS Discovery Cruise Nov. 1992 66 XBTs – not all XBT types identified in WOD Cruise Report online (BODC) Same cruise – details XBT type for each drop. Also includes CTD calibration information

  20. Near-real time data from GTSPP: 2013 Green – XBT (16,173 casts) Red – CTD (14,521 casts) Blue - Pinniped (3,970 dives) Turquoise – Glider (20,499 half cycles)

  21. Ocean profile data for 2013 Grey – Argo (146,063 cycles) Orange – tropical moored buoys (27,941 daily means) Green – XBT (16,173 casts) Red – CTD (18,896 casts) Blue - Pinniped (3,970 dives) Turquoise – Glider (20,499 half cycles)

  22. Examples of Delayed-mode data Updates to WOD ICES CCHDO Blue – Quarterly Orange- Yearly Green - Irregular WHOI Ice Tethered Buoys TAO maintenance cruises CalCOFI World Ocean Database Quarterly Updates NOAA Northeast Fisheries Japan Ocean Data Center INIDEP (Argentina) CSIRO Line W

  23. Example of already aggregated data passed to WOD HOT WOCE BATS CLIVAR CDIAC CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) GO-SHIP CARINA Other PACIFICA OceanSITES

  24. Data Dissemination: Yearly by instrument Geographically by instrument WODselect All updated quarterly Format: Native WOD format (compact ASCII) with conversion routines netCDF -> feeds into NODC Geoportal/THREDDS server Working now on subset dissemination through Geoportal

  25. NODC to Public Information Stream (Profile Data) Public Access NODC Permanent Archive Geoportal/THREDDS WODselect World Ocean Database Additional QC Uniform format

  26. Ideal NODC to Public Information Stream (Profile Data) NODC Permanent Archive Public Access Geoportal/THREDDS WOD GTSPP Argo PMEL buoys

  27. Ideal NODC to Public Information Stream (in situ Data) NODC Permanent Archive Public Access Geoportal/THREDDS Coastal Buoy Profile Current Thermo salinograph

  28. Best Copy Get Data Information World Ocean Database Get Data Information GTSPP Get Data Information Argo Get Data Information Individual Accessions See all Information Consolidated Granule Level GeoPortal

  29. WOA13 salinity at 50 m depth for years 2005-2012 WOA13 temperature at 100 m depth at 1/4° grid resolution

  30. OCL/NODC Science and Data Community MAKE DATA AVAILABLE Convert Data to Common Format/Initial Quality Control Calculate Climatologies Secondary Quality Control Release Database With Quality Control Flags Scientific Research Post-release Quality Control Monthly database updates Publish Results FEEDBACK LOOP

  31. Thank you

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