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Fascism

Fascism. Elements of Fascism. No notion of individual, but push for a common community Extreme nationalism Favored a strong leader who represented desires and dreams of the nation Anti- democracy leads to corruption

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Fascism

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  1. Fascism

  2. Elements of Fascism • No notion of individual, but push for a common community • Extreme nationalism • Favored a strong leader who represented desires and dreams of the nation • Anti-democracyleads to corruption • Against political emancipation of women, hated modern art, and despised Jews • Anti-semitism was key in fascist movementsJews seen as outsiders to national identity

  3. Is there a difference between fascism and communism?

  4. Fascism in Italy • Facist Governments were anti-Democratic, Anti-Marxist, anti-Parlimentary and frequently anti-Semitic. • Rejected Liberalism. • Dictatorial • Founded in Italy Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

  5. The Rise of Mussolini • Italian Fasci Di Combattimento, “Bands of Combat,” founded in 1919 in Milan. • Mostly Italian war veterans who rejected Versailles. • Promised German territory in N. Africa, but Britain and France took it • Lead by Mussolini • A former socialist • Broke with socialists in 1914, in order to support joining the war on the side of the Allies. • Nationalism replaced socialism in his personal pantheon. • Took advantage of postwar chaos.

  6. Early Fascist Organization • Mussolini initially supported factory occupation and land seizures. • He later came to realize that Italians were more interested in order than abstract ideas of justice. • Formed local squads of terrorists to go after socialists and other perceived malcontents • Law enforcement ignored them. • In 1921 Mussolini and 34 Fascists were elected to the government. • The Black Shirt March • In October 1922, the Fascists marched on Rome. • The Cabinet resigned in protest. • On November 23, 1922 the king Victor Emmanuel III and Parliament granted Mussolini dictatorial power for one year.

  7. The Fascists in Power • Once in power, Mussolini moved cautiously • Changed election laws in 1924, so that the party which received the largest popular vote would have two thirds of the seats in parliament. • In the 1924 election, the Fascists won complete control of Parliament • By 1926 Mussolini was able to rule by decree • Violence and terror continued • Late 1924 Giacomo Matteotti, a socialist leader, was murdered • The Lateran Accord of 1929 made peace with the Vatecan

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