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FAscism

FAscism. AP World History. Fascism – Democracy Denied. World War I causes Europeans to distrust democracy Communism Fascism Communism and fascism struggle for control over many European countries European countries, especially Germany, are desperate for relief of many ills. . Fascism .

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FAscism

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  1. FAscism AP World History

  2. Fascism – Democracy Denied • World War I causes Europeans to distrust democracy • Communism • Fascism • Communism and fascism struggle for control over many European countries • European countries, especially Germany, are desperate for relief of many ills.

  3. Fascism • Fascism – “State above All” • Intensely nationalistic, conservative, reactionary • Sought to revitalize their countries through any means necessary • Encouraged violence against enemies • Relied on charismatic leaders, oppression, propoganda,and theatrics to lead • Condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, democracy and especially communism • All these isms “divided and weakened nations”

  4. Fascism • Fascist parties existed throughout Europe but most powerful in Spain, Italy, and especially Germany

  5. Fascism in Italy • Social order threatened (conservative landlords, factory working class, veterans, communists, socialists, oh my!) • Benito Mussolini : “Il Duce” • Charismatic – promised order, removal of communists • Private army (Black Shirts) • Oppression • violence • “the trains run on time”

  6. Fascism in Italy • State control, state power • Democracy suspended • Opponents “went away” – deported, imprisoned, executed • Political parties, unions, peasant groups disbanded • Economically – corporate state – make what state needs • Culturally looked back to a “pure”, traditional Italian life • Catholic culture • Women as domestic beings, purpose to bear more children for state

  7. Fascism in Germany – The Nazis • The Rise of Hitler and the National Socialists (Nazis) • Weimar Republic a disaster, economy terrible • Elites attacked democratic politicians and blamed them for Germany’s problems • Workers facing massive unemployment • Elite and middle class conservatives turn toward fascism • Urban workers turn toward communism and socialism • Communists vs. Fascists

  8. Fascism in Germany – The Nazis • Nazi Party – intensely nationalistic – • Germany was not only great, but her people racially superior • Claimed Germany’s problems were the fault of enemies within (Jews, among others) and enemies without (Britain, France, US) • Treaty of Versailles • Used depression to garner support

  9. Fascism in Germany – The Nazis • Hitler comes to power democratically • Policies did bring Germany out of depression • Keynesian infrastructure projects • Rearmament • Unemployment in 1932 – 6.2 million 1936 - <500,000

  10. Fascism in Germany – The Nazis • Hitler, like Mussolini • Brown and Black Shirts • Charismatic • Invoked traditional imagery and values • Hitler, unlike Mussolini • Intensely anti-Semitic • Jews as urban, capitalist, and foreign- all things good Germans were not

  11. Fascism in Germany – The Nazis • Hitler achieved power democratically • Once elected, claimed dictatorial power “Der Fuhrer” • Scientific racism • Increasingly restricted Jewish life • Nuremberg Laws (1935) • Kristallnacht (1938) • German race, folk culture celebrated through theatrical rallies, etc

  12. Fascism in Japan • Like Italy and Germany • Limited democratic experience • Struggled with unionization, women’s rights, in 1920s • Rice Riot 1918 • Conflict between communism and right wing • Great Depression • Massive unemployment (urban) • Japanese doubt parliamentary democracy

  13. Fascism in Japan • Like Italy and Germany • Move to right wing • Radical Nationalism or Revolutionary Right • Appealed to younger army officers • Nationalistic, anti democracy, dedicated to foreign expansion • Turned to large scale public works to bring Japan out of depression • Interested in empire building

  14. Fascism in Japan • Unlike Italy and Germany • No major fascist party emerged • No charismatic leader like Mussolini or Hitler • Japanese government institutions and traditional beliefs were strong enough to prevent fascist takeover

  15. Fascism in Japan • Military played a dominant role in Japan • Focus on military might (martial arts in school) • deep, long-lasting respect for military • But even military did not govern alone

  16. Fascism in Japan • Did not reach the level of totalitarianism of Germany or Italy • Political prisoners were few, no executions or deportations • Racial purity was directed against foreigners, not internal minority

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