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PASSIVE MODE

PASSIVE MODE. SALT DOES NOT ACTIVELY DEFORM SEDIMENT. MOST FEATURES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO SALT WITHDRAWAL. ACTIVE MODE. SALT ACTIVELY PUSHES SEDIMENT COVER OUT OF THE WAY AS I TRIES TO RISE TO THE SAE FLOOR. VERTICAL MOTION. FORCE DEFFERENTIAL LOADING OR DENSITY DIFFRENCES. RESULTANT

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PASSIVE MODE

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  1. PASSIVE MODE SALT DOES NOT ACTIVELY DEFORM SEDIMENT. MOST FEATURES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO SALT WITHDRAWAL. ACTIVE MODE SALT ACTIVELY PUSHES SEDIMENT COVER OUT OF THE WAY AS I TRIES TO RISE TO THE SAE FLOOR.

  2. VERTICAL MOTION • FORCE • DEFFERENTIAL LOADING OR DENSITY DIFFRENCES RESULTANT SALT DOMES SALT DIAPIRS SHALE DOMES

  3. FAULT RECOGNITION • ABRUPT TERMINATION OF REFLECTION • OFFSET OF A REFLECTION • DIFRACTION • CHANGE IN RELECTION PATTERN • CHANGE IN DIP • CHANGE IN FREQUENCY • DISTORTION OF DATA BELOW FAULT • - VELOCITY ANOMALY • - SHADOW ZONE • REFLECTION FROM FAULT PLANE KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 1/10

  4. NORMAL FAULTS • HORST AND GRABEN • TITLED BLOCKS • HIGH ANGLE SAMPLE FAULTS • UNCONFORMITY ON PRE-FAULT SEDIMENTS • STRUCTURES ANGULAR IN CROSS SECTION • FAULTS DIP TOWARD UPLIFT • DRAPE COMMON • DRAG ON DOWNSIDE OF FAULTS • FAULTS RELAY, ZIG-ZAG IN MAP VEIW • DIFRACTIONS ON DOWNSIDE OF FAULTS • OFTEN HIDDEN BY OVERLYING STRUCTURE KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 1/10

  5. UPTHRUST FAULTS • FAULT FORMS ZONE OF INTENSE DEFORMATION • BLOCKY AWAY FROM FAULT • FAULT IS HIGH ANGLE - MAY SPLIT OUT • ONE PERIOD OF MOTION • STRUCTURES PARALLEL FAULTS • STRUCTURES ANGULAR IN CROSS SECTION • GRAVITY AND MAGNATIC EXPRESSION PROBABLE KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 2/10

  6. EN ECHELON FOLDS AND FAULTS • STRUCTURES AT ANGLE TO THRUOGH-GOING FAULTS • STRUCTURES ASYMMETRICAL • ANTICLINES PREDOMINATE • FAULT-STRUCTURE RELATION CHANGES LINE TO LINE • FAULTS VERY HIGH ANGLE • FAULTS SPLY UPWARD INTO SHALLOWER BEDS • THROUGH-GOING FAULT GENERALLY NOT SEEN • EXTENSIONAL FAULTS MAY DEVELOP ON CRESTS • GRAVITY AND MAGNETICS MAY SHOW KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 3/10

  7. FLOWER STRUCTURES • PARALLEL THROUGH-GOING FAULT • DIE OUT DOWNWARD • COMPOSED OF COMPLEX PATTEN OF ABERRANT WEDGES • FAULTS NEARLY VERTICAL BUT SPLAY OUT UPWARD • STRUCTURE -FAULT RELATION CHANGES LINE TO LINE • STRUCTURING DIES UOT ABRUPTLLY • ANTICLINES PREDOMINATE • DIFRACTIONS COMMON • GRAVITY AND MAGNATICS MAY SHOW KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 4/10

  8. FOLD AND THRUST BELT ROLES • COMPRESSIONAL AND DETACHED • DOMINANT VERGENCE DIRECTION • OUTWARD DEVELOPMENT OF THRUST SHEEETS • THRUSTS OUT UPSECTION IN DIRECTION OF TRANSPORT • THRUST BRING OLDER ROCKS OVER YOUNGER ROCKS • EXISTENCE OF PREFERRED DETACHMENTS IN SECTION • EXISTENCE OF A REGOINAL TECTONIC LEVEL KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 5/10

  9. COMPATIBILITY WITH GRAVITY DATA A GEOLOGICAL MODEL THAT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE OBSERVED GRAVITY DATA IS POSSIBLY CORRECT. A GEOLOGICAL MODEL WHOSE GRAVITY EXPONSE DISAGREES WITH THE OBSERVED GRAVITY DATA IS DEFINITELY WRONG. KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 6/10

  10. SALT STRUCTURES INTRODUCTION TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND TRAPS 1. CLASSIFICATION 2. VARIATIONS DUE TO GROWTH HISTORY 3. DETACHED NORMAL FAULTS SEISMIC INTERPRETATION 1. REFLECTION QUALITY 2. INTERNAL SEISMIC CHARACTER OF SALT 3. WHAT TO USE WITHOUT SALT REFLECTION 4. DOME WITH SHADOW DOME 5. INTERPRETATION PROBLEMS KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 7/10

  11. NON PIERCEMENT PIERCEMENT HORIZANTAL ACTIVE (1-SIDED?) DOME OR WALL ACTIVE PILLOW OR ANTICLINE SILL INTRUSIVE ACTIVE IMPLACEMENT PROCESS PASSIVE (RESIDUAL) PILLOW OR ANTICLINE PASSIVE DOME OR WALL GLICIER (EXTRUSIVE) PASSIVE SALT FEATURE KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 8/10

  12. SUMMARY OF HYDROCARBONE TRAPS RELATED TO SALT PILLOW • A TRAP IS A DOUBLY-PLUNGING ANTICLINE • STRTIGRAPHIC COMPLICATIONS ONLAP, LOSS OF SECTION ON TO CREST VARATION BETWEEN FAULT BLOCKS • STRUCTURAL COMPLICATIONS COMPLEX TRAP SEGMENTATION BY FAULTS FAULT SEAL KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 9/10

  13. SALT STRUCTURES KFUPM/ES/Geophysics/Seismic Interpretation/Al-Ghamdi # 10/10

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