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Building a Comprehensive Approach Towards Vulnerable Migrants

Building a Comprehensive Approach Towards Vulnerable Migrants . Ravi Srivastava Professor, CSRD, JNU & Former Member, NCEUS. Migration to What, and Some Trends. New patterns of (increasing) agglomerating growth have emerged in the last two decades.

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Building a Comprehensive Approach Towards Vulnerable Migrants

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  1. Building a Comprehensive Approach Towards Vulnerable Migrants Ravi Srivastava Professor, CSRD, JNU & Former Member, NCEUS

  2. Migration to What, and Some Trends • New patterns of (increasing) agglomerating growth have emerged in the last two decades. • Slow growth in core urban areas in response to industrial & urban policy. • Informalisation • Changing patterns in labour mobility – more commuting, seasonal migration, labour circulation, semi-permanent migration – inadequately captured by official surveys.

  3. Trends (contd) • Enormous diversity in patterns of (out)migration with very different patterns of vulnerability for different groups of outmigrants(My examples). • Rural-rural labour circulation has increased – driven by agriculture and informal manufacturing. • Rural-urban circulation is now driven by the rapid increase in construction activity and demand for services. • Vulnerable migrants concentrated in casual work, informal self-employment, and informal regular work. • Today, about one in six worker could be a vulnerable migrant – about 80 to 90 million.

  4. Estimate of Total Employment (UPSS): 1999-00/2009-10 (in million)

  5. Migration and Social Protection – Towards a Comprehensive Multipronged Approach

  6. Migration policy • No systematic thinking on migration policy in India (in contrast to China). Needed: Strong advocacy for such a policy. Elements could be: • Regional and Rural development framework (contra World Bank). • Inclusive Urbanisation. • Responsibilities of different levels of government. • Migration and Social Protection. • Working conditions and Labour Laws.

  7. Universal Social Protection • Strong case for a Rights based social protection floor consisting of basic minimum levels of social protection in the areas of • Basic Education • Universal Health care • Food Security • Right to Housing • Rights to work and at work

  8. Migrants’ Right and Inclusion • Citizenship , entitlements and portability. Identity portability and empowerment and the UID. • Positive example of the RTE Act. Negative Example of the Right to Food Bill. • Labour Laws – Challenging Promotion of Segmentation and Sedentarisation of Laws – The example of the B&CWWA. Taking the contract labour law as a pivot. Building advocacy for a Comprehensive Law for Regulation of Minimum conditions of Work.

  9. Implications of MGNREGA • Impact on distress (female) migration has been positive (reduced outmigration) but varies from region to region. • Positive impact on rural wages (but impact on rural employment less than 10% compared to the construction sector). • Long term impact on rural livelihoods?

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