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Chapter 8 Section 3

Chapter 8 Section 3. Nationalism. Types of Nationalist Movements. 1. Unification - Mergers of politically divided by culturally similar lands - Examples- Italy and Germany 2. Separation - Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away

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Chapter 8 Section 3

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  1. Chapter 8 Section 3 Nationalism

  2. Types of Nationalist Movements • 1. Unification • - Mergers of politically divided by culturally similar lands • - Examples- Italy and Germany • 2. Separation • -Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away • - Examples-Greece, Mexico • 3. State- Building • -Culturally different groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture. • - examples- The U.S. and Turkey

  3. Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires • 1. The Austrian Empire • - Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians • - Austro- Prussian war lose German States • - Hungarians pressure Emperor Francis Joseph to split empire in two (Austria- Hungary) • - After WWI breaks into several Nation- States • 2. The Russian Empire • - Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, and Turks • - Try Russificationbut it backfires and strengthens nationalist sentiments • - WWI and the communist revolution finally dissolve it in 1917 • 3. The Ottoman Empire • - Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians • -Give equal citizenship to all people in 1856 leads to many problems • -Finally breaks up after WWI

  4. Italy • 1. Camilodi Cavour named Sardinia’s Prime minister. • - Wants to Unite Northern Italy • - With France’s help defeat Austria and get’s all of Northern Italy except Venetia • - Secretly helps Nationalist rebels in Southern Italy • 2. Giuseppe Garibaldi • - Nationalist leader captures Sicily in May 1860 • - After Sicily goes north and captures more of Italy • - Agreed to unite lands he had gained with those held by Piedmont- Sardinia. Sardinian king rules. • 3. Italy United • - 1866 Venetia taken • -1870 Papal states under Italian control

  5. Germany • 1. Prussia • - Prussia mainly has a German Population • - Had most powerful army in Central Europe • - 1848 Berlin rioters force a constitutional convention and write a liberal constitution. • 2. Otto von Bismarck • - King Wilhelm needs support with new parliament • -Chooses Otto von Bismarck a conservative Junker to be his Prime Minister • -Bismarck master of realpolitik- “the politics of reality” tough power politics with no room for idealism • - Bismarck declares he will rule without the consent of parliament and without a legal budget • -1864 Prussia forms and alliance with Austria and goes to war with Denmark- gains two border provinces • 3. Seven Weeks War • -Prussia provokes Austria into war. • - Prussia wins devastating victory and humiliates Austria. • - Prussia takes control of Northern Germany • 4. Franco Prussian War • - By 1867 only a few southern German states not under Prussian Control • - S. Germans mainly Catholic while Prussians Protestant • -Bismarck thinks war with France will rally the South to their side • -Prussia lies about France until France finally declares war in 1870 • - Franco-Prussian war stirs up Nationalist feelings in the South- They join Prussia in 1871.

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