Metals

1. Metals Khalifa Al-Maslamani

2. Johan August Arfvedson, a Swedish chemist, discovered lithium in ore from a Swedish iron mine in 1817. • The ancient physician Soranus of Ephesus, who discovered lithium as a treatment for both mania and melancholia. Lithium

3. German scientist Andreas Margraf discovered the element in 1746. Even if Margraf was recognized for the discovery of the element, many historians agree that the element was already used by ancient people. • Rolled zinc is used for architectural and building applications, and for batteries. • Zinc oxide has its main use in tires and rubber products. • Brasses are alloys of copper and zinc, and they have good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. • Zinc’s largest use is in corrosion protection. Galvanising is the main method of protection against corrosion of steel Zinc

4. Copper is at least 10,000 years old. No one knows exactly when copper was first discovered, but earliest estimates place this event around 9000 BC in the Middle East. • Copper is used in building and construction, most prevalently in copper writing and plumbing, heating and cooling systems. • Copper is a component in motors, wiring, radiators, connectors, brakes and bearings used in cars and trucks. Copper

5. Potassium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807 in England. • Potassium is used most for wine and beer. Its also used in surgeries to stop the heart. • Potassium is used on a cellular level to make things go across the barriers of the cell wall. Potassium

6. Iron was first discovered in South East Asia about 4000 years ago. It was more voluble than gold. • Iron is put in with many other elements and is mainly used for construction like building supports, ships and warships and other transportations like cars, planes and buses. • Its also used for cell phones, computers, television and most electric and electronic things. • Its also used for furniture. Iron

7. It was in January, 1848, when the gold was discovered at Coloma. • It’s a use of currency, and has been used through history as a safe way of transporting wealth around in difficult times • Its also used for jewelry. • Its also a representation of wealth. Gold

8. Hans Christian Oersted discovered aluminum in the year 1825. • Aluminum is used for many vehicle parts. Its also used for building (hardware, roofing, gutters), its also used for packaging like aluminum foil and trays. Its used for light bulbs, phones, and aspirin. Aluminum

9. Lead was not really discovered it was found in ancient times. • Lead is commonly found in copper, zinc and silver. • Its used for: • coloring element in ceramic glazes • projectiles for firearms and fishing sinkers • candles to treat the wick to burn longer • shielding from radiation • Lead glass is 12-28%lead. • base metal of organ pipes • solder for electronics • high voltage power cables • ballast keel of sailboats • added to brass to reduce machine tool wear • sheets are used as roofing material • used in scuba diving weight belts Lead

10. Beryllium was first discovered by Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin in 1798. • Its used it make aquamarine, morganite, and emerald. • Its also produces beryllium copper and that’s used for springs, electrical contacts, nonsparking tools. • Its also used to structure some parts of a space shuttle. • Beryllium foil is used in x-ray lithography for making integrated circuits. • t is used as a reflector or moderator in nuclear reactions. Beryllium

11. Aquamarine Morganite Emerald

12. Is there a connection or a relationship exists between the reactivity of metals and when it was discovered?

13. As you can see on the table, Gold was the first metal to be discovered. Gold is known for being the least reactive metal which is why it is a very expensive metal. Due to its low reactivity, Gold was discovered first because it was found in it’s purest form and didn’t have to be extracted from other elements using modern technology. This proves that the earlier the metal was discovered, the least reactive it is because humans didn’t have any complications while extracting it. Copper was discovered second and it is right above Gold in the reactivity series. This adds more to our evidence concerning the relation of the discovery and the reactivity of the metal since Copper is one of the least reactive metals. Lead and Tin come next between 3000 – 4000 B.C, that is because they are next to each other on the reactivity line. Potassium, magnesium, and aluminium were discovered later on because of their high reactivity and when technology was developed and extractions became more complicated and elements were being separated. However, I don’t understand how Potassium was discovered after Aluminum and Magnesium because it has the highest reactivity of all metals. Explanation of the Table