Metals

1. Metals Section 16-2

2. Families on the Periodic Table • Columns are grouped into families. • Families may be one column, or several columns put together. • Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.) • Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties.

3. Properties of Metals • Abundant in the world • (coins, cars, planes, tools, etc.) • Exist as pure elements • (gold, copper, zinc, aluminum) • or alloys/mixtures (stainless steel) • Physical properties such as • high melting points, hardness, shininess, conductivity, malleable (shapeable), and ductile (pulled into wire) pure vs alloy ductile malleable

4. Metals, nonmetals, & Metalloids • Metals– most of the elements on the table. Solids at room temp. • (Hg a liquid at room temperature) • Nonmetals – about 1/3 of the elements. Gases at room temperature. • Metalloids – seven elements located at the stair step. Properties of metals and nonmetals • (*semiconductors) Nonmetals Metals

5. Alkali Metals • 1stfamily on the periodic table (Group 1), not including hydrogen • Very reactive metals, lose 1 ve- • Never found alone in nature, always in a compound (like in salt, NaCl) • As elements, shiny and soft enough to be cut with a butter knife • Sodium & potassium are found in compounds we eat. Li is in batteries and medicines Li Na K Rb Cs Fr 1 ve-

6. Alkaline Earth Metals • 2nd family on the periodic table. (Group 2) • Second most reactive metals, lose 2 ve- • Always combined with nonmetals in nature • Hard, bright white metals that are good conductors of electricity • Mg is in flash cubesand calcium is in a lot of foods we eat (milk, cheese, etc) Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra 2 ve-

7. Transition Metals • Elements in groups 3-12. • Less reactive metals such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, & gold. • React slowly with air or water to form rust. • Includes metals used in jewelry and construction. • Hard and shiny metals used as “real metals.” • Iron in the form of hemoglobin carries oxygen and makes our blood red

8. Boron FamilyCarbon Family • Elements in group 14, • (one metal, twometalloids, & two nonmetals) • Contains elements important to life and computers • Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry • Lead made paint poisonous • Silicon is a semiconductor • Elements in group 13, (four metals and one metalloid) • Very light aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, was not a “disposable metal” 3 ve- 4 ve-

9. Rare Earth Elements • Placed below for convenience • Uranium is used in nuclear power plants • After uranium (92) are man-made, not found in nature Lanthanides Actinides