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Metals

Metals. Metallurgy. the extraction of metals from ores by reduction (less reactive metals) by electrolysis of melt (reactive metals) the preparation of metals for use the study of the relationship between structures and properties of metals. Metal extraction. Pre-treatment of Ore

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Metals

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  1. Metals

  2. Metallurgy • the extraction of metals from ores • by reduction (less reactive metals) • by electrolysis of melt (reactive metals) • the preparation of metals for use • the study of the relationship between structures and properties of metals

  3. Metal extraction • Pre-treatment of Ore • Concentration • Roasting

  4. Pre-treatment of ore • crude ore is crushed

  5. Concentration • floatation

  6. Roasting • converting sulphide ore to oxide 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) 2CuS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2CuO(s) + 2SO2(g) 3FeS2(s) + 8O2(g) -----> Fe3O4(s) + 6SO2(g)

  7. Manufacture of Iron and Steel • Chemistry of blast furnace • Chemistry of basic oxygen furnace

  8. Chemistry of blast furnace iron reduction raw materials

  9. Several Blast Furnaces

  10. Liquid Iron Pour

  11. Iron(l) & Slag(l) Pours

  12. Chemistry of blast furnace raw materials: iron ore – several kinds limestone – calcium carbonate coke – heated coal air – to provide the blast

  13. Chemistry of blast furnace – raw materials iron ore => source of iron Could be any of the following: Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, Ore names: haematite, magnetite, ferrite Sand impurity - SiO2

  14. Chemistry of blast furnace – raw materials Limestone (calcium carbonate) is used to remove impurities – it reacts with the sand which is usually found mixed with the iron ore. In the heat of the furnace it decomposes to calcium oxide (lime) and this then reacts with the silicon dioxide to produce calcium silicate (slag) CaCO3  CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3

  15. Chemistry of blast furnace coke => reducing agent C

  16. Chemistry of blast furnace C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g) coke air

  17. Chemistry of blast furnace CO2 + C ---> 2 CO coke

  18. Chemistry of blast furnace 3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) -----> 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g) iron ore

  19. Chemistry of blast furnace Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) -----> 3FeO(s) + CO2(g) iron ore

  20. Chemistry of blast furnace FeO(s) + CO(g) -----> Fe(l) + CO2(g) iron ore pig iron

  21. Chemistry of blast furnace CaCO3(s) + heat -----> CaO(s) + CO2(g) limestone lime

  22. Chemistry of blast furnace CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -----> CaSiO3(l) lime sand slag

  23. Purification of Metals • Electrolysis • Chemical Reactions

  24. Production of Copper Cu2S(l) + O2(g) -----> 2 Cu(l) + SO2(g) Cu(s) -----> Cu(s) impure electrolysis pure

  25. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace iron purification steel making raw materials

  26. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace raw materials pig iron from blast furnace fluxing agent to remove impurities alloying agents

  27. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace Removal of excess of carbon C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g) impurity air in pig iron

  28. Magnetism • 2 main types • diamagnetism => all electrons are paired • paramagnetism => one or more unpaired electron, parallel spins on electrons

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