1 / 26

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. The Sponges. Typical sponges and their structure. Figure 12.04. I.Characteristics of Sponges. Multicellular – The body of sponges is a loose aggregation of cells Body containing pores , canals and chambers Mostly marine ; all aquatic

honey
Download Presentation

Phylum Porifera

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Phylum Porifera The Sponges

  2. Typical sponges and their structure Figure 12.04

  3. I.Characteristics of Sponges Multicellular – The body of sponges is a loose aggregation of cells Body containing pores, canals and chambers Mostly marine; all aquatic Symmetry is either radial or they have NO symmetry Skeleton of proteins (collagen and/or spongin) with spicules NO true organs or tissues Adults are sessile and attached to substratum

  4. II. Form and Function Sponge Pores A. Incurrent pores are called Ostia B. Excurrent pores are called Oscula.

  5. C. Specialized collar cells called choanocytes create water flow and aid in digestion of small particles.

  6. Choanocytes in the Mesohyl These choanocytes are located throughout The mesohyl - the matrix in which all sponge cells are embedded.

  7. D. Flat epidermal cells known as pinacocytes aid in surrounding and protecting the body of the sponge.

  8. E. Special amebocytic cells, called archaeocytes,carry out a variety of functions – especially digestion and protein formation andspicule formation.

  9. A. Calcareousspiculesare made of CaCO3. They are formed from the mineral elements in the saltwater around them by special archaeocytes. III.Types of Spicules

  10. B. Siliceousspicules are made of SiO2. They are formed from different elements in the water by other archaeocytes.

  11. IV.Types of Proteins Spongin is a protein found in only SOME sponges – not all!

  12. The other form of protein, collagen, is found in ALL sponges, as well as allotheranimals.

  13. V. Sponge Body Plans The simplest body plan is the Asconoid, where the choanocytes are located in the spongocoel, or hollow, internal, water filled gastrovascular cavity.

  14. A typical Asconoid Sponge

  15. The second most complicated sponge body plan is the Syconoid sponge. It’s choanocytes are located in Radial Canals. Sponge Body Plans (2) Killing cells

  16. A Typical Syconoid Sponge

  17. Killer Cells Sponge Body Plans (3) The largest and most complicated sponges by far are the leuconoid sponges. They have their choanocytes in flagellated chambers, which increase water flow and feeding efficiency.

  18. A Typical Yellow Tube Sponge(Demosponge)

  19. A Diver With A Barrel Sponge (Demosponge)

  20. VI.Classification A. ClassCalcarea – Heavily calcareous sponges containing straight calcareous spiculesand collagen B. Class Hexactinellida– radially symmetrical deep water sponges with six-rayed siliceous spicules. These are often beautiful and range from a few centimeters to more than 1.3 meters in length , and contain collagen. C. Class Demospongia– By far the largest group, containing 95% of all living sponges in the world. Spicules are siliceous, but not six rayed. They may or may not contain spongin, but like all sponges , they do have collagen.

  21. Calcareous Sponge

  22. Hexactinellid Glass Sponges Two examples of the remains of Euplectella

  23. A Common Demosponge

  24. Coming Change? D. There is another group of sponges, called the Sclerospongiae that are currently classified as Demosponges. They have been classified in their own Class Sclerospongiae, but are now classified with the Demospongiae. These are all found in dark crevices in the ocean and are seldom found in the open, and are usually fairly colorful. It is possible that they may become their own class again in the future.

  25. VII. Sponge Reproduction A. Asexual Reproduction: Carried out by budding (fragmentation) OR by gemmules – internal buds created to allow them to withstand adverse weather conditions; usually over the winter. B. Sexual Reproduction: Carried out by normal sperm and egg process; sperm are usually carried out of the osculum of one sponge and into the ostia of another. All sponges are hermaphrodites – containing both male and female sex organs

  26. Test– Next Class Meeting!

More Related