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Chapter 6.1

Chapter 6.1. Standard Syllogisms, Mood, Figure, and Valid Forms. Syllogisms in Standard Form ( p. 226, Part A ). Is this in standard form?. Syllogisms are a standard deductive argument form They are either valid or invalid

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Chapter 6.1

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  1. Chapter 6.1 Standard Syllogisms, Mood, Figure, and Valid Forms

  2. Syllogisms in Standard Form(p. 226, Part A) Is this in standard form? • Syllogisms are a standard deductive argument form • They are either valid or invalid • They consist of three categorical statements (two premises and conclusion) • There must be exactly three—and only three—terms (although terms may be negations/complements of each other) • Each term appears in exactly two of the propositions • Term appearing once in each of both premises is the ‘middle term.’ • Terms appearing in the conclusion (and exactly one premise each) are the ‘end terms.’ • Major term is predicate of conclusion. Major premise is premise with major term. • Minor term is subject of conclusion. Minor premise is premise with minor term. • A syllogism is in standard form when the three propositions are in this order exactly: • Major premise • Minor premise • Conclusion

  3. Why they’re called ruminants. Syllogistic Mood Ooh! Ooh! I know this one. It’s, uh, EI- . . . EIO! MOOd! • Syllogisms show ‘mood’ and ‘figure,’ by which they can be completely described. • Mood is determined by the types of propositions (A, E, I, O) and their order of arrangement in the syllogism, i.e., • AAA • EAE • AEE • EIO • etc. Sounds logi-cow to me. What mad cows are really thinking.

  4. Syllogistic Figure • Figure is determined by the position of the middle term, assuming the propositions have been arranged in the proper order, i.e., • Major premise • Minor premise • Conclusion Has a figure, but is in no mood. *PMS = Predicate term, Middle term, Subject term

  5. Figure Hint: To remember these figures, imagine the arrangement of middle terms (M) turning around an axis between the 2nd and 3rd figure, with the middle terms in figures 2 & 3 cleaving to the axis but falling away from the axis in figures 1 & 4.

  6. Mood & figure (p. 228 Part B)There are 256 possible syllogistic mood/figure combinations, but of all those, there are exactly only 15 valid forms. More about them later. And now for something completely different—and illogical . . .

  7. “Do your worst!” • P. 228, Part C • P. 229, Part D

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