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Enlightenment and Revolution:

Enlightenment and Revolution:. The Fall and Impact of Napoleon. The Fall of Napoleon. Napoleon’s ambitions united most of Europe against him.

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Enlightenment and Revolution:

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  1. Enlightenment and Revolution: The Fall and Impact of Napoleon

  2. The Fall of Napoleon • Napoleon’s ambitions united most of Europe against him. • His inability to invade England, economic problems in Europe because of an attempted boycott of British goods, and the unpopularity of French rule throughout Europe created increasing strains on his empire. • He awakened nationalist feelings in Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy, and Russia.

  3. The Fall of Napoleon • In 1809, the people of Spain rebelled against Napoleon’s brother. • In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with his “Grand Army” of more than 600,000 men. • He defeated the Russians, but Tsar Alexander I refused to surrender. • As winter approached, the Russians burned Moscow to the ground rather than provide shelter and supplies to the French army.

  4. The Fall of Napoleon • Napoleon’s forces were defeated on their retreat by the bitter Russian winter. • Faced with typhus, hunger, and suicide, few survived the long march back to France.

  5. The Fall of Napoleon • After his failure in Russia, the European powers combined to overthrow him. • Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria formed a coalition, which was later joined by smaller states. • They invaded France in early 1814. • When Napoleon would not make concessions, the allies brought back the old French royal family.

  6. The Fall of Napoleon • The new king, Louis XVIII, granted his subjects a charter that guaranteed the people their basic civil rights and a national legislature. • Napoleon was sent into exile. • He suddenly reappeared in March 1815 and took over France for a brief time. • He was defeated again at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. • This time the allies imprisoned him on the island of Elba in the Atlantic, where he died in 1821.

  7. The Impact of Napoleon • France—Napoleon created stability by establishing the Code of Napoleon, a law code that consolidated such achievements of the Revolution as social equality, religious toleration, and trial by jury.

  8. The Impact of Napoleon • Europe—seized a large portion of Europe, introducing the ideas of the French Revolution an ending feudal restrictions and serfdom wherever he conquered. • His conquests in Germany led to the liberation of Jewish citizens from traditional restrictions.

  9. The Impact of Napoleon • The World—French rule stimulated the growth of nationalism. • Napoleon weakened Spain, causing it to lose its colonial empire in Latin America. • He sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803.

  10. Notebook Assignment • Was Napoleon a positive or negative force in World History? Support your answer with specific examples.

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