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Exploration Review

Exploration Review. Chapter Two. Exploration – Seeking new lands and new routes to old lands. Finished Goods – Made out of raw materials ( e.g tree > paper); sold for profit (see mercantilism cycle) European Fisherman – Attracted to North America (Atlantic coast). Reasons for Exploration.

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Exploration Review

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  1. Exploration Review Chapter Two

  2. Exploration– Seeking new lands and new routes to old lands.Finished Goods– Made out of raw materials (e.g tree > paper); sold for profit (see mercantilism cycle)European Fisherman – Attracted to North America (Atlantic coast)

  3. Reasons for Exploration • Kings and Queens looking for a short and cheap route to the Far East (silk & spices). • Power struggle between the European powers (Portugal, Spain, England, France, Holland). • Age of Exploration (Renaissance Period/Crusades) – Renewed interest in knowledge (maps) and technology (ship building). • Mercantilism – Economic theory where a country acquires wealth by developing colonies as a source of raw materials and markets for finished goods.

  4. Ethnocentrism – A belief that one’s culture is best.Acculturation – When two cultures meet and affect each other over a period of time.

  5. John Cabot • Italian born • Explored and claimed lands for England • Mid-1400s • Discovered cod fish on the coast of Newfoundland

  6. Jacques Cartier • French mariner who was paid by the King of France to search for a short route to the Far East. • Reached the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in 1534 and placed a cross claiming “Long live the King of France.” • Sailed up the Saint Lawrence up to Montreal in 1535. • Established a permanent French settlement in 1541, but the settlement failed

  7. Colonization • When the mother country brings a separate region under its direct control. • To control the newly claimed lands, colonization was essential. • Colonies were a source of cheap raw materials (fish and furs), cheap labour and a market for manufactured finished goods. • Important part of the trading theory “mercantilism.”

  8. Fur Trading Companies • Trading companies managed the French fur trade in North America. • Pierre Du Gua de Monts – Was granted a monopoly (control all of the buying and selling) on the fur trade in Canada in 1603. • In 1604 , de Monts and Samuel de Champlain (his map maker) established a French establishment in Ste. Croix Island in Acadia. • In 1605, Du Gua moved the settlement to Port Royal.

  9. Charter– Kings gave permission to explore and settle the lands.Emigrate– Leave one country for another. Scurvy– Lack of vitamin C; Natives showed the Europeans how to cure this (i.e. fresh food)

  10. Samuel de Champlain • Was called the “Father of New France” because he tried hard to establish a permanent settlement in New France. • He was a navigator and a map maker by profession. • Wanted to bring Christianity to the First Nations people. • Sometimes acted as a missionary for the Catholic Church. • Established a settlement in Quebec in 1608. • Created an alliance (union) with the Huron and Algonquin against the English, Dutch and Iroquois.

  11. Jesuits / Black Robes • Catholic Religion – hospitals, schools, Christianity

  12. Company of 100 Associates • 1627 – France granted the Company of the 100 Associates a monopoly on the fur trade in New France. • Company of 100 Associates promised to bring 4000 French Catholics to settle New France over the next 15 years. • Went out of business in 1663 due to war between England and France

  13. Company of Habitants • In 1645, the Company of 100 Associates allowed the Company of Habitants to take over the monopoly on the fur trade in New France.

  14. Algonkian People • Lived in the eastern woodlands • Included Algonquin, Ottawa, Micmac & Montagnais.

  15. Huron People • Lived in the eastern woodlands. • Was a farming group. • Had a long established trading network among tribes before the European Men came. • Champlain and the French established a trading network and alliance with the Huron.

  16. ````Coureurs de bois” - Runners of the Woods • Adventurist young men of New France who would go into the woods for furs. • They expanded the fur trade and explored deep into the Canadian interior. • Increased French control over the area.

  17. ``Huron Extinction • European diseases - small pox and measles • Lack of guns – French did not supply many unless they gave a lot more furs • War with the Iroquois

  18. ``British Colonization • Thirteen Colonies in USA – East coast • Tobacco – gold and silver failed • Jamestown 1607 • Hudson’s Bay Company – R & G – French traders • Built trading posts at the mouths of rivers • Rupert’s Land

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