Age of Exploration Review

1. Age of Exploration Review Mrs. Corino 5th Grade

2. Explain what the following words mean: • New World • Age of Exploration • explorers • archaeologist

3. Answers • New World: What Europeans called the lands across the Atlantic (the Americas) • Age of Exploration: time period beginning in the late 1400’s when explorers looked for new trade routes to Asia and found the Americas • explorers: people who travel searching for new things • archaeologist: a scientist who studies artifacts to learn about past cultures

4. Question 1 What are the reasons Europeans explored the New World? Give reasons and explain your answer.

5. Answer The major reasons Europeans explored were the following: • to spread Christianity • to gain wealth • to find new land • to find trade routes to Asia • People were curious about what was out there • to gain power and be famous • to gain foreign goods like silks, gold, silver, rubies and other precious metals

6. Define the following: • intact • Astrolabe • compass • the Americas

7. Answers • intact: strong and easy to stay together, keeps together. • Astrolabe: an early scientific tool used to observe and calculate the position of the sun and other stars – worked best on land. • compass: a tool for finding direction (north, east, south and west) by using a magnetic needle always pointing north. • the Americas: the land masses of North, Central and South America.

8. Question 2 What are two major changes map makers made after Columbus’ voyage?

9. Answer • Added the New World • Made the Atlantic Ocean bigger Before Columbus, Europeans did not know the New World even existed. Also, map makers, and sailors/explorers, thought the Atlantic Ocean was much smaller than it actually was.

10. Define the following: • Maps • Claim • Flag • Christianity

11. Answers • Maps: drawing of the shapes of bodies of land and water while showing where the physical features are. • Claim: take something as your own • Flag: symbol of power of countries and their rulers • Christianity: religion that Europeans wanted to spread to other nations

12. Question 3 Why did explorers use maps and how were they helpful?

13. Answer • They showed physical features such as mountains. • They also used scales to show the actual distance as it related to the earth. • Ocean maps and navigational maps were used to help them stay on course.

14. Define the following: • bible • wealth • Costly • Tobacco • Cash crop

15. Answer • bible: book that contains stories and teachings of Christianity. • wealth: a lot of money, property, possessions or other riches (gold and silver). • Costly: expensive, high price • Tobacco: tall, leafy plant that grew in the Americas. • Cash crop: a crop that is grown in large quantities for sale.

16. Question 4 What happened as a result of the Europeans coming into contact with the Native Americans? What were the effects of the trade of new foods and tobacco?

17. Answer • American Indians grew different types of corn, vegetables and fruit. • There were introduced to the explorers and they were brought back to Europe and people started eating a more healthy diet. • Some foods such as cacao, was used medicine and populations grew. • American Indians also smoked, sniffed and inhaled tobacco and it was very additive. • Explorers took it back to Europe and soon they were addicted as well and it became in demand and grew well in the New World. • American colonists planted large fields of it and sold the tobacco to Europeans and it became a cash crop. • Colonists were able to buy goods from Europe. • American Indians were forced to work as slaves in mines. • Diseases were spread.

18. Question 5 Do scientists still explore today? If so, how and what do they explore?

19. Answer • Yes, underwater archaeologists still explore. • Study sunken ships • Look at old ship records and artifacts • Read tales by shipwreck survivors • May learn important information about the people on the ship and where it was going • Long process

20. Explain each navigational tool and draw a picture • compass • astrolabe • rudder

21. Answer • compass: a tool for finding direction (north, east, south and west) by using a magnetic needle always pointing north • astrolabe: an early scientific tool used to observe and calculate the position of the sun and other stars – worked best on land. • rudder: made it possible for one sailor to steer the ship (located in the rear of the ship).

22. Explain each navigational tool and draw a picture • caravel • cross-staff • lateen sails

23. Answer • caravel: a sailing ship explorers used which was lighter, faster and had more cargo room • cross-staff: a tool used to find latitude which worked best on a ship. • lateen sails: shaped like a triangle and could catch winds from all the sides of the ship. This allowed the ship to change direction.