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Physics Simulation Studies in HIP

Physics Simulation Studies in HIP. Outline: Introduction Pre-TDR physics studies Full simulation studies for the CMS Physics TDR MSSM H ±  tn  jet+X MSSM H/A    e+X MSSM H/A    jet+jet+X Educational activities Publishing activities Future plans. Introduction.

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Physics Simulation Studies in HIP

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  1. Physics Simulation Studies in HIP • Outline: • Introduction • Pre-TDR physics studies • Full simulation studies for the CMS Physics TDR • MSSM H±  tn  jet+X • MSSM H/A    e+X • MSSM H/A    jet+jet+X • Educational activities • Publishing activities • Future plans

  2. Introduction • Main fields of interest: • Higgs boson production and the experimental methods related toHiggs boson searches at the LHC • Principal framework of physics studies studies: • Minimal Supersymmetric Standart Model (MSSM) • The group has particular experties in the following experimental methods: • t identification • t tagging with impact parameter and vertex measurement • b tagging

  3. Pre-TDR physics studies during1992 - 2004 • These studies were based on particle level simulation, fast simulation and partially full simulation • The work started 1992 with the first Higgs boson simulation work in CMS: • R. Kinnunen, H. Plothow-Besh and J. Tuominiemi, ”Search for H  ZZ*  4l±with the CMS detector at the LHC”, CMS TN-1992/008. • Followed with studies on • the SM Higgs boson searches, H  ZZ/ZZ*, H  gg, H  WW, H  mm.. • the searches of the MSSM Higgs bosons with H  tt and H±  tn • experimental methods, b tagging, in-situ calibration, trigger studies • The fast simulation era was finished with a summary work on the CMS studies on the Higgs boson searches under the responsability of HIP group, • ”Summary of the CMS Discovery Potential for the Higgs Boson” , European Physical Journal C, Particles and Fields, vol. 39, (2005) 41-61 • Specialization to t physics and on the H  tt and H±  tn discovery channels started early in HIP…

  4. H/A  tt and H±  tn channels • Due to the tanb enhancement of the Higgs couplings to down type fermions, these channels are the principal discovery channels for the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons at the LHC: • H/A tt in the associated production with b quarks, gg bbH/A • H± tn in the associated production, gg tbH± • In these searches: • the bbH process can be disentangled from the large Drell-Yan production of tt pairs through tagging one b jet • the hadronic jet background can be suppressed with t identification • t identification is based on isolation and pT cuts at the High Level Trigger and in offline analysis, and on vertex reconstructionandimpact parameter measurement in the offline analysis • t identification and b tagging are the basic methods for the four discovery channels studied for the TDR by the HIP group with full simulation and reconstruction : • fully hadronic H±tn, • fully hadronic H/A tt 2 jets+X, • semileptonic H/A tt electron+jet+X and • fully leptonic H/A ttll+X

  5. Hadronic t trigger • HIP group has been involved in developing hadronic t trigger algorithms • Hadronic t trigger needed for • fully hadronic H±tn, • single t + missing ET trigger • fully hadronic H/A tt 2 jets+X and • single t + missing ET trigger, double t + missing ET trigger • semileptonic H/A tt electron+jet+X • e + t trigger, single e trigger • HLT t trigger algorithm: • Start with L1 central calorimeter jets • Then either • ECAL isolation + pixel track isolation or • Fast algorithm; gives good performance • Preferred approach in H/A tt 2 jets+X • Tracker isolation (regional track reconstruction) • Slower algorithm, but gives a more accurate track pT estimation • Useful in channels like H±tn

  6. Full simulation study on heavy charged MSSM Higgs bosons with the hadronic H±tn decay R. Kinnunen • There are few possiblities to discover the charged Higgs bosons at the LHC: • the dominant H±-> tb decay channel difficult due to large background systematics • H±->tndecay promising, • The H±->tndecay channel can be used • for mH± < mtop in tt events through t->bH± with leptonic triggers with a discovery up to almost the kinematical limit, mH± < mtop - mb • for mH± > mtop , in fully hadronic final states from associated production with top • Advantages of the fully hadronic channel: • possibility to exploit t helicity correlations, • large missing transverse energy and • possibility to reconstruct a transverse Higgs boson mass • Production of t + H± through gb -> tH± (LO) and gg(qq) -> tbH± (NLO)processes • Merging the two processes is not possible in the full simulation:gg(qq) -> tbH± used

  7. Backgrounds and trigger • Signal events are characterized with:one energetic t jet, large missing transverse energy, one b jetand2 hadronic jets • Main backgrounds are from genuine t’s in multi-jet events: • tt, t1 -> tn, t2->qqb • Wt W1 -> tn, W2->qq • W+3 jets, W->tn • and from fake t’s in QCD multi-jets • The H±->tn decay in fully hadronic final state can be triggered with: • Single t + missing transverse energytrigger • CMS trigger for single t: • Narrow calorimeter jet at Level-1 (ET > 93 GeV) • Full regional track reconstruction, isolation and pT cut at the High Level Trigger • Efficiencies for the signal 9 – 40%, with t jet purity around 90%

  8. Event selection • A quasi two-body situation between the t jet and the missing transverse energy, for a good transverse mass reconstruction, can be obtained only if • ETmiss originates from H±->tn • Other sources of missing transverse energy: W-> ln and semileptonic b decays • Start offline selection with a veto on isolated leptons, exploiting tracker isolation and electron identification in the calorimetry • Results: • Measured”BR(W->mn)”= 8.9%, purity 84% • Measured”BR(W->en)” = 7.9%, purity 93%

  9. Event selection 2 t identification for H±: • Two scopes in this channel: • suppress efficientlyhadronic jetsand • the genuine t’s from W -> tn • Identification based on calorimeter jet,motivated with a large fraction of t -> p± + np0 + n decays in the signal (~ 52%) • Reconstruction of the t jet around theHLT t direction in a cone of 0.4 • Selectt identification cuts to exploithelicity correlations inH±-> tn • Decay angular distributions in the CMS frame: • H±->tn, t->p± +n: dN/dcosq ~(1+cosQ) • W±->tn, t->p± +n: dN/dcosq ~(1-cosQ) • Harder charged pion from H±->tn than from W->tn • For decays through vector mesons more • complicated but still harder pions from H± Fraction of t momentum carried by the leading p± tt background Signal

  10. Event selection 3 • tidentification cuts: • leading track within DR < 0.1 the jet direction • small signal cone around the leading track, DR = 0.04 • isolation in the cone 0.04 < DR < 0.4 • pleading track/ET jet > 0.8 to exploit the helicity correlations Further event selections: • Top mass reconstructionwith minimization of c2 = ((mjj –mW)/sW)2 + ((mjjj –mtop)/stop)2from all hadronic non-t jets, ET > 20 GeV, with sW = 10 GeV, stop = 17 GeV • B taggingwith a probabilistic secondary vertex algorithm with discriminator cut

  11. Transverse mass and discovery reach Transverse mass reconstruction Discovery potential mT = (2 ETt jet ETmiss (1 - Df(t jet, ETmiss))1/2 • An almost background-free signal can be reached in the signal area defined by Df(t jet, ETmiss) > 60o or by mT(t jet, ETmiss) > 100 GeV • Sources of systematic uncertainty in the background determination:ETmiss and jet scale, t identification, b tagging, cross section uncertainties

  12. Study of MSSM H/A    jet+jet+X L. Wendland t jet 1 t jet 2 b jet 1 b jet 2 MC event visualization for bbH(500)->tt->2jet • Channel studied in collaboration with S. Gennai and A. Nikitenko • Final state search strategy: • two isolated t jets, • one b jet, • veto for other jets and • missing energy • Trigger with • single t trigger (ET > 92 GeV) • double t trigger (ET > 76 GeV) • Main backgrounds: • QCD di-jets, Z/*, tt

  13. t identification in jet + jet final state • t identification algorithm: • leading track within DR < 0.1 the jet direction • small signal cone around the leading track, DR = 0.07 • isolation in the cone 0.07 < DR < 0.4 • number of reconstructed tracks: one or three • pT cut for leading track, pT > 35 GeV • quality cuts for the leading track • at least 8 hits, c2 at most 10 • upper limit on impact parameter • IPT < 0.3 mm, IP < 1.0 mm

  14. The principle: Taus have IP > 0 because they fly several mm before decaying; QCD jets come from interaction point New result: A significant number of QCD jets with only one reconstructed track have a large IP value; explanation: track contains hits from different tracks Effect is increased with jet ET and sensor displacement Significance of full IP is used Background rejection One track final state: ~1.5-5.5 at greater than 92 % signal level Three track final state: ~2.2 at greater than 85 % signal level Impact parameter reconstruction Efficiency curves based oncut on the significance Transverse IP, mm Full (3D) IP significance

  15. The principle: Taus have an average flight path of several mm before decay; QCD di-jets are produced at the interaction point Challenges: kinematically very difficult final state; the first few hits can be merged as one because of high track collimation background with long lived particles(B or D mesons) could be enhanced Significance of full flight path is used Sign of flight path is used Systematics from simulated sensor misalignment very small Background rejection ~4 at 80 % signal level Masters thesis in 2005 Vertex reconstructionin 3-prong t jets Efficiency curves based oncut on the significance Signed full reco fl.path in mm Signed tr. reco fl.path in mm QCD jet,ET 80-120 GeV Hit mergingon firstpixel layer t from H(500) c jet,ET 80-120 GeV

  16. Event selections Most dangerous background

  17. Higgs mass reconstruction Signal + background Background Signal

  18. Discovery reach

  19. Full simulation study on MSSM Higgs bosons with H/A  tt e + t jet + X R. Kinnunen and S. Lehti • Final state searched for: isolated electron, t jetanda b jet • These events are triggered with • a single e trigger (ET > 26 GeV) and with a combined electron + t trigger • Double and combined t trigger in CMS: narrow jet at Level-1, regional track reconstruction in the Pixel detector, isolation and soft pT cut for the leading track • Efficiencies for the signal: 8 – 30% for mA = 130 – 500 GeV • Background from • genuine t’s: Z,g* , bbZ,g* , tt, Wt • fake t’s: W+jet, tt, Wt • electrons: Z,g*  e+e-, bbZ,g*  e+e- • fake electrons and fake t’s: QCD multi-jet • Special feature of this channel:good separationelectronversus hadronic jet,tversushadronic jetandelectronversustmandatory

  20. t identification • To exploit the tp + np0 + n decay modes (~52% of hadronic decays) jet reconstruction is used at the offline also • t identification algorithm: • leading track within DR < 0.1 the jet direction • small signal cone around the leading track, DR=0.04 • isolation in the cone 0.04<DR<0.4 • pT cut for leading track, pT > 20 GeV • quality cuts for the leading track, transverse impact parameter < 0.3 mm, at least 8 hits • veto on electrons: ET(max HCAL cell) > 2 GeV, 0.35 < pp/EHCAL < 1.5 Variables for electron /t jet separation ET of the most energetic HCAl cell in the t jet pion momentun over HCAL energy

  21. Electron identification Several electron candidates from offline reconstruction: ~ 1.3 electron candidates/event Identification starts with Tracker isolation: no track with pT> 1 GeV within DR < 0.4 around the electron candidate Calorimeter identification needed in particular at low part of the pt spectrum and is done with - track-ECAL(super cluster) matching: |ftrack-fSC|, |htrack-hSC|, ESC/ptrack, |1/ESC - 1/ ptrack| - HCAL/ECAL energy ratio - ECAL profile cuts : E3x3/E5x5, shh Example of electron identificaton variables: ECAL energy over track momentum Cut optimization for good efficiency and maximal purity with electrons from t->enn agaist hadrons from t->hadrons+n hadron from t->hadrons+n electron from t->enn An identified electron (pT >20 GeV) found in 81.2% of signal events, purity for genuine electrons 97.5%

  22. tagging one b jet with secondary vertex method and discriminator cut veto on addional central jets, tt suppression ~ 10 upper bound on the transverse mass from the electron and missing transverse energy further suppression of tt and W+jet backgrounds Higgs boson mass reconstruction with collinear neutrino approximation: n’s emitted along the directions of electron and t jet, excluding back-to-back configurations with Df(electron, t jet) < 175o Efficiency for rejection of negative neutrino solutions: 60% for signal, ~ 40% for tt background, mass resolution ~ 22% Further background suppression with

  23. Higgs boson mass and discovery reach Signal and total background for mA = 200 GeV/c2, tanb = 20 CMS discovery potentialfor H/A tt electron+jet+X • Background under signal mainly from Z,g* -> ee and bbZ,g* -> ee • Estimate of the QCD multi-jet background: ~ 10% of the total background • Sources of systematic uncertainties on background determination: • the jet scale (4%), ETmiss scale (10%), b tagging and mistagging (5%), cross section measurements

  24. Study of MSSM H/A    e+XS.Lehti • Final state search for: • isolated electron, isolated muon and a b jet • Events are triggered in CMS with • a single electron trigger (Et > 26 GeV) • a single muon trigger (Et > 19 GeV) • Efficiency for signal 75-85% for mA = 140-250GeV • Background from • Z/*, tt, tW, bb, WW/WZ/ZZ

  25. Lepton identification • Muon reconstruction and identification from muon chambers and tracker • Electron reconstruction fromcalorimeters and tracker,identification is based on • Track-ECAL matching • HCAL/ECAL energy ratio • ECAL profile cuts • Identification optimized againstW+jet with jet faking an electronused • Lepton isolation : no other trackspT>1GeV within R<0.4 around thelepton. Lepton isolation and pT cutsagainst backgrounds with soft leptons(bb,cc,...).

  26. Tau impact parameter • Tau’s from Higgs travel couple of mm before they decay • Impact parameter, the minimumdistance between the track trajectory and the primary interaction point • Transverse ip used • Significance of the two impact parameter combined into one variable • The combined variable is found to suppress efficiently tt events with no genuine tau • The fraction of tt events with two intermediate tau’s irreducible

  27. B tagging • Two associated b quarks in bbH • Against Z,* for which the associated jets are mostly light quark and gluon jets • Signal: soft jets. Tagging efficiency not very high • Here a b tagging algorithm based on track ip and secondry vertices used. • Jets in tt more energetic, more central, easier to reconstruct and b tag • Only 1 jet b tagged, jet veto to suppress tt

  28. Central jet veto • tt events have more jet activity than bbH • Veto on additional jets in the trackeracceptance region coming from theprimary vertex

  29. Mass reconstruction • Mass reconstruction using collinear approximation: neutrinos assumed to be emitted along the leptons • Events not back-to-back selected • Events with neutrinos in opposite direction to leptons rejected: tt suppressed by a factor of 6, signal eff 40% • Mass resolution can be improved by higher jet Et cut and stronger (e,m) cut, but statistics is decreased significantly

  30. Discovery reach including systematics

  31. bbZ as a benchmark for MSSM bbH searchS.Lehti • Scope of this study • bbZ cross-section measurement • measurement of b jet and Z spectra • Z mass reconstruction with collinear approximation • Z boson production in association with b quarks topologically similar to bbH • If the theoretical predictions are verified for bbZ, the predictions for bbH should apply, too

  32. Verification of Monte Carlo • Verification of Z pT, associated b jet ET and h distributions and cross section measurement

  33. Mass reconstruction • Z boson mass known: collinear approximation tested with Z/* events • Electron+muon final states chosen to select Z/* • Purity is not important, Z /*+jet events accepted in addition to bbZ/* events • Can be used to verify the detector calibration

  34. Measurement of the H/A cross section and possible constrants on tanR.Kinnunen, S.Lehti, F.Moortgat, A.Nikitenko, M.Spira • One of the most important parameters to be determined in MSSM is tanb • The dominant part of the ggbbH,H proportional to tan2b • tanb measured from event rates • Uncertainty of tanb half of the uncertainty of the event rate • Results from different H/A final sates combined

  35. Measurement uncertainty on tanb • Uncertainty of the cross section (times BR) measurement =sqrt(Ns+Nb)/NsL/Lsel/selNbsyst/Ns • Uncertainty of the tanb measurement tanb/tanb = ½   ½ stheor/stheor

  36. Educational work of the HIP physics group • Academic degrees: • Sami Lehti, Prospects for the detection of neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying into tau leptons in the CMS detector, PhD Thesis 2001 • Lauri Wendland, Discovery potential for H,A → tt with 3-prong t vertex reconstruction in the CMS detector, Masters Thesis, 2005 • Lauri Wendland, PhD Thesis under preparation (H,A → tt →2jet+X) • Student program: • One summer student / year, working on subjects closely connected on the group studies and with proper documentation at the end of the work (CMS note or internal CMS note) • Other educational activities: • Help and guidance on groups of young physicists from other countries (Turkey, India, Egypt, Pakistan, Estonia) according to the human resources available • Introductory lectures at different high schools

  37. Publications and conference talks during last 10 years • Publications in • International journals: 18 • CMS public notes and preprint series: 53 • Conference proceedings: 3 • CMS internal notes: 5 • Plenary talks in international conferences: 5 • Invited talks in international conferences: 10 • Contributions to CMS TDRs • Referee activities: • R. Kinnunen, PhD Thesis opponent, University of Stockholm, December, 2005 • for articles in International journals: one article in EPJCdirect • for CMS public notes: 5

  38. Future plans 2006 Introduction and testing of the new CMS software CMSSW Contribution to the ”1 fb Physics” simulation Preparation of calibration, alignment and physics studies with real data 2007 Start up of measurements for calibration constants and background processes: W and Z production, tt, bb, hadronic jets 2008 Expect an integrated luminosity of few fb-1. Intensive measurement of our background processes and search for the MSSM Higgs bosons in thet channels at large tanb (~50) may start 2009-2010 Expect to reach 30 fb-1. The physics program presented here can be fulfilled. Exploration of tanb down to ~ 10 around mA = 200 GeV/c2 Measurement of tanb with a precision of < 20% The strong contribution of the HIP group to tau physics and Higgs boson is important to CMS and will continue

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