Interactions within Ecosystems

1. theBIGidea CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Interactions within Ecosystems Living things within an ecosystem interact with each other and the environment. 15.1 Groups of living things interact within ecosystems. 15.2 Organisms can interact in different ways. 15.3 Ecosystems are always changing.

2. 15.1 Groups of living things interact within ecosystems. • Members of the same species form a population with in a habitat. • Each species has a distinct role with in a habitat. This is its niche. species population habitat niche community CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

3. 15.2 Organisms can interact in different ways. Organisms within a community interact with each other in many ways. Some are predators, some are prey. Some compete with one another, some cooperate. Some species form symbiotic relationships with other species: predator prey competition cooperation symbiosis mutualism Mutualism benefits both Commensalism benefits one, other unaffected commensalism parasitism CHAPTER RESOURCES Parasitism benefits one, harms other SECTION OUTLINE

4. 15.3 Ecosystems are always changing. Primary Succession In a barren area, a new community is established with pioneer species, like mosses, that do well with little or no soil. Mosses eventually give way to coniferous trees. limiting factor carrying capacity succession pioneer species CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

5. 15.3 Ecosystems are always changing. Secondary Succession When a disturbance damages a community but soil remains, the community gets reestablished from seeds and roots left behind. Grasses grow, then small shrubs, and eventually trees. limiting factor carrying capacity succession pioneer species CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

6. SIMULATION Simulate the carrying capacity of an area for a population of deer. 15.3 Ecosystems are always changing. Secondary Succession When a disturbance damages a community but soil remains, the community gets reestablished from seeds and roots left behind. Grasses grow, then small shrubs, and eventually trees. limiting factor carrying capacity succession pioneer species CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

7. 15.1 Groups of living things interact within ecosystems. I. Groups of living things interact within ecosystems. species • A. Organisms occupy specific living areas. population 1. Populations habitat • 2. Habitats and Niches niche • 3. Communities community • B. The environment can be organized into five • levels. • C. Patterns exist in populations. • 1. Patterns in Living Space CHAPTER RESOURCES • 2. Patterns in Time KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

8. 15.2 Organisms can interact in different ways. II. Organisms can interact in different ways. predator • A. Organisms interact in different ways. prey • 1. Predator and Prey competition • 2. Competition cooperation • 3. Cooperation symbiosis • B. The survival of one species might depend on • another species. mutualism • 1. Both Species Benefit commensalism • 2. One Species Benefits parasitism • 3. One Species Is Harmed CHAPTER RESOURCES • C. Interactions in an ecosystem are complex. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

9. 15.3 Ecosystems are always changing. III. Ecosystems are always changing. limiting factor • A. Populations change over time. carrying capacity • 1. Population Growth and Decline succession • 2. Maintaining a Balance pioneer species • B. Ecosystems change over time. • 1. Primary Succession • 2. Secondary Succession • 3. Patterns of Change CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

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